Month: March 2022

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Free radical and anionic polymerization of some N-substituted maleimides》. Authors are Cubbon, R. C. P..The article about the compound:1-(tert-Butyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dionecas:4144-22-3,SMILESS:O=C(C=C1)N(C(C)(C)C)C1=O).Synthetic Route of C8H11NO2. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:4144-22-3) is conveyed.

N-Substituted maleimide monomers were prepared and polymerized by free-radical and anionic initiation. N-Alkylmaleimides were prepared by reaction of the primary amines with maleic anhydride in xylene, drying over anhydrous Na2SO4, and redistg. under reduced N pressure. The N-Et derivative m. 45.5°, b18 86°; the N-iso-Pr derivative m. 20°, b10 75° the N-Bu derivative m. 20°, b20103° the N-iso-Bu derivative m. 42.5; the N-tert-Bu derivative b18 104°; the N-n-octyl derivative b18 37.5°, the N-benzyl derivative b18 50°, b5 120°. The N-Et derivative was recrystallized from C6H6 and the N-iso-Bu derivative from aqueous alc. The N-Ph derivative was prepared by the ring closure of N-phenylmaleamic acid with Ac2O and NaOAc, and was recrystallized from H2O. For free radical polymerization, monomer and C6H6 were introduced into a Carius tube with 0.02-0.05% by weight of azodiisobutyronitrile, the tube was sealed under O-free N, was kept at 100° for 5-15 hrs., and the polymers were recovered by precipitating into MeOH, yields 70-80%, inherent viscosities in 0.5% HCONMe2 0.3-0.8. K2S2O8-NaHSO3 initiation gave higher yields, but polymers with lower viscosities. The polymers had penetrometer softening points of 110-330°. X-ray powder photographs showed 2 marked interplanar spacings. The polymers could not be drawn. Anionic polymerization took place in toluene and tetrahydrofuran with a pentane/heptane solution containing 0.01-0.02 mole/l. of BuLi initiator. The dry solvent was distilled into a vessel equipped with a vacuum-sealed stirrer, N inlet and outlet, and a rubber serum cap. The monomer, 0.27 mole/l., was introduced, the vessel was cooled to 0 to 70°, and the initiator solution was injected. Polymerization was terminated after 20-180 min. by MeOH and the deep-red color, owing to the reaction of base with residual unsaturation, was destroyed with dilute HCl, yield in toluene 20-2%, inherent viscosity 0.115-0.172. Yields were 90-5% in tetrahydrofuran. Poly(N-ethylmaleimide) and poly(N-butylmaleimide) were cross-linked. X-ray studies indicated that both types of initiation produced polymers with predominantly threo-diisotactic configuration.

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Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 1968-05-4, is researched, Molecular C17H14N2, about Measuring the effects of bacteria and chemicals on the intestinal permeability of Caenorhabditis elegans, the main research direction is Caenorhabditis elegans diindolylmethane bacteria intestinal permeability.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks.

In living organisms, intestinal hyperpermeability is a serious symptom that leads to many inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Caenorhabditis elegans is a nonmammalian animal model that is widely used as an assay system due to its short lifespan, transparency, cost-effectiveness, and lack of animal ethics issues. In this study, a method was developed to investigate the effects of different bacteria and 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) on the intestinal permeability of C. elegans with a high-throughput image anal. system. The worms were infected with different gut bacteria or cotreated with DIM for 48 h and fed with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran overnight. Then, the intestinal permeability was examined by comparing the fluorescence images and the fluorescence intensity inside the worm bodies. This method may also have the potential to identify probiotic and pathogenic intestinal bacteria that affect intestinal permeability in the animal model and is effective for examining the effects of harmful or health-promoting chems. on intestinal permeability and intestinal health. However, this protocol also has some considerable limitations at the genetic level, especially for determining which genes are altered to control illness, because this method is mostly used for phenotypic determination In addition, this method is limited to determining exactly which pathogenic substrates cause inflammation or increase the permeability of the worms’ intestines during infection. Therefore, further in-depth studies, including investigation of the mol. genetic mechanism using mutant bacteria and nematodes as well as chem. component anal. of bacteria, are required to fully evaluate the function of bacteria and chems. in determining intestinal permeability.

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Mattiazzi, Juliane; Marcondes Sari, Marcel Henrique; Brum, Taine de Bastos; Araujo, Paulo Cesar Oliveira; Nadal, Jessica Mendes; Farago, Paulo Vitor; Nogueira, Cristina Wayne; Cruz, Leticia published an article about the compound: 3,3′-Diindolylmethane( cas:1968-05-4,SMILESS:C1(CC2=CNC3=C2C=CC=C3)=CNC4=C1C=CC=C4 ).SDS of cas: 1968-05-4. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:1968-05-4) through the article.

This study aimed to characterize the physicochem. properties of (DIM)-loaded (NCs) as well as the antinociceptive effect using distinct animal models (hot plate test, formalin-induced nociception and complete Freud’s adjuvant induced paw inflammation). The physicochem. characterization demonstrated that DIM could be molecularly dispersed into the NCs, whose size was nanometric with a spherical shape. An improvement in thermal stability was achieved by its encapsulation and there were no interactions among the formula components. For the nociceptive evaluation, male adult Swiss mice were pretreated with the NCs or free DIM by the intragastric route at the dose of (time-response curve), (dose-response curve). Both free and nanoencapsulated DIM reduced the mech. hypernociception induced by CFA, mitigated nociceptive behavior of formalin-induced neurogenic and inflammatory pain and increased paw withdrawal latency assessed by the hot-plate test. Importantly, the nanoencapsulation promoted a rapid initiation and prolonged the bioactive antinociceptive action as well as reduced the ED in comparison to its free form. In summary, this study reported that the NCs had adequate nanometric size, increased DIM stability and its antinociceptive action in different animal models, suggesting that the formulation may be a possible therapeutic alternative to the management of pain and inflammatory-related pathologies.

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Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Rhodium-catalyzed C7-alkylation of indolines with maleimides, published in 2018, which mentions a compound: 4144-22-3, Name is 1-(tert-Butyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, Molecular C8H11NO2, Recommanded Product: 1-(tert-Butyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione.

A rhodium(III)-catalyzed direct cross-coupling reaction of indolines with maleimides via C-H bond activation was developed. This protocol displays good functional group tolerance, which offers a novel approach to access C7 modified indoline derivatives including maleimide analogs I (R = Me, Et, Bn, allyl, etc.; R1 = Me, Et, t-Bu, R2 = R3 = H, Me; -R2R3- = -(CH2)4-; R4 = H, 4-Me, 5-OMe, etc.).

Here is a brief introduction to this compound(4144-22-3)Recommanded Product: 1-(tert-Butyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, if you want to know about other compounds related to this compound(4144-22-3), you can read my other articles.

Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

HPLC of Formula: 1968-05-4. The fused heterocycle is formed by combining a benzene ring with a single heterocycle, or two or more single heterocycles. Compound: 3,3′-Diindolylmethane, is researched, Molecular C17H14N2, CAS is 1968-05-4, about Anti-osteoclastogenic Effects of Indole Alkaloids Isolated from Barley (Hordeum vulgare Var. Hexastichon) Grass. Author is Ha, Manh Tuan; Tran, Phuong Thao; Tran, Huynh Nguyen Khanh; Kim, Okwha; Kim, Jeong Ah; Lee, Jeong-Hyung; Min, Byung Sun.

As part of our continuous program to identify new potential candidates for controlling osteolytic bone diseases from natural products, the alkaloid fraction of barley (Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon) grass (HVA) significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and protected mice from LPS-induced bone loss. A phytochem. investigation of HVA afforded nine indole alkaloids, including one new compound [hordeumin A (1)] and eight known analogs (2-9). Of them, four (1, 2, 4, and 5) were anti-osteoclastogenic compounds Of these four, compound 5 significantly suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast formation, actin ring formation, and bone resorption in a concentration-dependent manner. It also suppressed the RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and the activation of c-Fos and NFATc1. Compound 5 also reduced the expression levels of osteoclast-specific marker genes, including TRAP, CtsK, DC-STAMP, OSCAR, and MMP9. Our findings suggest that HVA and its alkaloid constituents could be valuable candidates for the prevention and treatment of osteolytic bone diseases.

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Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthetic Route of C8H11NO2. So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic. Compound: 1-(tert-Butyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, is researched, Molecular C8H11NO2, CAS is 4144-22-3, about Synthesis and polymerization of unsaturated dibasic acid derivatives. 20. Effect of alkyl substituents in the radical copolymerization of N-alkylmaleimides.

In the copolymerization of Me methacrylate (M1) [80-62-6] with N-alkylmaleimides (I, = Me, Et, iso-Pr, Bu, iso-Bu, tert-Bu, ClC2H4, PhCH2, PhC2H4) the Taft polar reactivity constants (ρ* for the dependence of 1/r1 on R .sim. -0.2. Little effect of substituents was observed in the copolymerization of vinyl acetate [108-05-4] with I.

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Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 35836-73-8, is researched, Molecular C11H18O, about Induction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isozymes in male and female rat liver microsomes by an isoquinoleine derivative (52028 RP), the main research direction is isoquinoleine 52028 RP UDP glucuronosyltransferase liver.Name: 2-((1R,5S)-6,6-Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-yl)ethanol.

The peripheral benzodiazepine antagonist 52028 RP enhanced the glucuronidation of all substrates studied except androsterone in liver microsomes from female or male rats. Some differences were seen based on sex.

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Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Reference of 2-((1R,5S)-6,6-Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-yl)ethanol. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: 2-((1R,5S)-6,6-Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-yl)ethanol, is researched, Molecular C11H18O, CAS is 35836-73-8, about B-Iso-2-(2-diethylaminoethyl)apopinocampheyl-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl hydride – an improved chiral reducing agent for straight chain aliphatic ketones. Author is Weissman, Steven A.; Ramachandran, P. Veeraraghavan.

A series of chirally modified borohydrides of the type lithium B-iso-2-(alkyl)apopinocampheyl-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl hydride were prepared to enable a strategic development of chiral reagents for the reduction of straight chain aliphatic ketones. The reagent (alkyl = 2-diethylaminoethyl) reduces 2-octanone in 82% ee, significantly higher than that obtained with NB-Enantride under identical conditions. An improved methodol. for these reductions is also described.

Here is a brief introduction to this compound(35836-73-8)Reference of 2-((1R,5S)-6,6-Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-yl)ethanol, if you want to know about other compounds related to this compound(35836-73-8), you can read my other articles.

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Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: 3,3′-Diindolylmethane( cas:1968-05-4 ) is researched.Application In Synthesis of 3,3′-Diindolylmethane.Tsao, Chih-Wei; Li, Jia-Sin; Lin, Ya-Wen; Wu, Sheng-Tang; Cha, Tai-Lung; Liu, Chin-Yu published the article 《Regulation of carcinogenesis and mediation through Wnt/β-catenin signaling by 3,3-diindolylmethane in an enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cell line》 about this compound( cas:1968-05-4 ) in Scientific Reports. Keywords: enzalutamide Wnt diindolylmethane prostate cancer cell carcinogenesis. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:1968-05-4).

Enzalutamide (ENZ) is an important drug used to treat castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which inhibits androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Previous study showed that 3,3-diindolylmethane (DIM) is an AR antagonist that also inhibits Wnt signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). To investigate whether combined treatment with ENZ and DIM can overcome ENZ resistance by regulating Wnt signaling to inhibit AR signaling and EMT in ENZ-resistant prostate cancer cells, 22Rv1 cells were cultured in normal medium and treated with ENZ, DIM, and DIM with ENZ. Exposure of ENZ-resistant cells to both DIM and ENZ significantly inhibited cell proliferation without cytotoxicity and invasion in comparison with the control. DIM significantly increased the E-cadherin expression and inhibited the expressions of Vimentin and Fibronectin, subsequently inhibiting EMT. Co-treatment with ENZ and DIM significantly increased the expressions of GSK3β and APC and decreased the β-catenin protein expression, causing inhibition of Wnt signaling and AR expression, it also significantly decreased the AR-v7 expression and down-regulated AR signaling. Via suppression of Wnt and AR signaling, co-treatment increased the E-cadherin and decreased the Vimentin and Fibronectin RNA and protein expressions, then inhibited EMT. Co-treatment with DIM and ENZ regulated Wnt signaling to reduce not only the AR expression, but also the AR-v7 expression, indicating suppression of EMT that inhibits cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration to ameliorate ENZ resistance.

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Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Computed Properties of C17H14N2. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can also be classified according to the number of heteroatoms contained in the heterocycle: single heteroatom, two heteroatoms, three heteroatoms and four heteroatoms. Compound: 3,3′-Diindolylmethane, is researched, Molecular C17H14N2, CAS is 1968-05-4, about Pentafluorophenyl substitution of natural di(indol-3-yl)methane strongly enhances growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in various cancer cell lines. Author is Ahmad, Aamir; Dandawate, Prasad; Schruefer, Sebastian; Padhye, Subhash; Sarkar, Fazlul H.; Schobert, Rainer; Biersack, Bernhard.

Di(indol-3-yl)methane (=3,3′-methanediyldi(1H-indole), DIM, (1)) is a known weakly antitumoral compound formed by digestion of indole-3-carbinol (=1H-indol-3-ylmethanol), an ingredient of various Brassica vegetables. Out of a series of nine fluoroaryl derivatives of 1, three pentafluorophenyl derivatives 2c, 2h, and 2i were identified that exhibited a two to five times greater anti-proliferative effect and an increased apoptosis induction when compared with 1 in the following carcinoma cell lines: BxPC-3 pancreas, LNCaP prostate, C4-2B prostate, PC3 prostate and the triple-neg. MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma. Compound 2h was particularly efficacious against androgen-refractory C4-2B prostate cancer cells (IC50=6.4 μM) and 2i against androgen-responsive LNCaP cells (IC50=6.2 μM). In addition, 2c and 2h exhibited distinct activity in three cancer cell lines resistant to 1.

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Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics