Reijneveld, Josephine F.; Marino, Laura; Cao, Thinh-Phat; Cheng, Tan-Yun; Dam, Dennis; Shahine, Adam; Witte, Martin D.; Filippov, Dmitri V.; Suliman, Sara; van der Marel, Gijsbert A.; Moody, D. Branch; Minnaard, Adriaan J.; Rossjohn, Jamie; Codee, Jeroen D. C.; Van Rhijn, Ildiko published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Rational design of a hydrolysis-resistant mycobacterial phosphoglycolipid antigen presented by CD1c to T cells》, and you may find the article in Journal of Biological Chemistry.COA of Formula: C3H3ClO3 The information in the text is summarized as follows:
Whereas proteolytic cleavage is crucial for peptide presentation by classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins to T cells, glycolipids presented by CD1 mols. are typically presented in an unmodified form. However, the mycobacterial lipid antigen mannosyl-β1-phosphomycoketide (MPM) may be processed through hydrolysis in antigen presenting cells, forming mannose and phosphomycoketide (PM). To further test the hypothesis that some lipid antigens are processed, and to generate antigens that lead to defined epitopes for future tuberculosis vaccines or diagnostic tests, we aimed to create hydrolysis-resistant MPM variants that retain their antigenicity. Here, we designed and tested three different, versatile synthetic strategies to chem. stabilize MPM analogs. Crystallog. studies of CD1c complexes with these three new MPM analogs showed anchoring of the lipid tail and phosphate group that is highly comparable to nature-identical MPM, with considerable conformational flexibility for the mannose head group. MPM-3, a difluoromethylene-modified version of MPM that is resistant to hydrolysis, showed altered recognition by cells, but not by CD1c proteins, supporting the cellular antigen processing hypothesis. Furthermore, the synthetic analogs elicited T cell responses that were cross-reactive with nature-identical MPM, fulfilling important requirements for future clin. use. In the experiment, the researchers used Methyl 2-chloro-2-oxoacetate(cas: 5781-53-3COA of Formula: C3H3ClO3)
Methyl 2-chloro-2-oxoacetate(cas: 5781-53-3) belongs to acyl chlorides. In the laboratory, acyl chlorides are generally prepared by treating carboxylic acids with thionyl chloride (SOCl2). The reaction is catalyzed by dimethylformamide and other additives.COA of Formula: C3H3ClO3
Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics