Rozhon, Wilfried; Wang, Wuyan; Berthiller, Franz; Mayerhofer, Juliane; Chen, Tingting; Petutschnig, Elena; Sieberer, Tobias; Poppenberger, Brigitte; Jonak, Claudia published an article in 2014, the title of the article was Bikinin-like inhibitors targeting GSK3/Shaggy-like kinases: characterisation of novel compounds and elucidation of their catabolism in planta.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks And the article contains the following content:
Background: Plant GSK-3/Shaggy-like kinases are key players in brassinosteroid (BR) signalling which impact on plant development and participate in response to wounding, pathogens and salt stress. Bikinin was previously identified in a chem. genetics screen as an inhibitor targeting these kinases. To dissect the structural elements crucial for inhibition of GSK-3/Shaggy-like kinases by bikinin and to isolate more potent compounds we synthesized a number of related substances and tested their inhibitory activity in vitro and in vivo using Arabidopsis thaliana. Results: A pyridine ring with an amido succinic acid residue in position 2 and a halogen in position 5 were crucial for inhibitory activity. The compound with an iodine substituent in position 5, denoted iodobikinin, was most active in inhibiting BIN2 activity in vitro and efficiently induced brassinosteroid-like responses in vivo. Its Me ester, methyliodobikinin, showed improved cell permeability, making it highly potent in vivo although it had lower activity in vitro. HPLC anal. revealed that the Me residue was rapidly cleaved off in planta liberating active iodobikinin. In addition, we provide evidence that iodobikinin and bikinin are inactivated in planta by conjugation with glutamic acid or malic acid and that the latter process is catalyzed by the malate transferase SNG1. Conclusion: Brassinosteroids participate in regulation of many aspects of plant development and in responses to environmental cues. Thus compounds modulating their action are valuable tools to study such processes and may be an interesting opportunity to modify plant growth and performance in horticulture and agronomy. Here we report the development of bikinin derivatives with increased potency that can activate BR signalling and mimic BR action. Methyliodobikinin was 3.4 times more active in vivo than bikinin. The main reason for the superior activity of methyliodobikinin, the most potent compound, is its enhanced plant tissue permeability. Inactivation of bikinin and its derivatives in planta involves SNG1, which constitutes a novel pathway for modification of xenobiotic compounds The experimental process involved the reaction of Methyl 6-chloro-6-oxohexanoate(cas: 35444-44-1).Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks
The Article related to arabidopsis iodobikinin bikinin sng1 catabolism malate transferase, Plant Biochemistry: Other and other aspects.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks
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