Chemical Targeting of Voltage Sensitive Dyes to Specific Cells and Molecules in the Brain was written by Fiala, Tomas;Wang, Jihang;Dunn, Matthew;Sebej, Peter;Choi, Se Joon;Nwadibia, Ekeoma C.;Fialova, Eva;Martinez, Diana M.;Cheetham, Claire E.;Fogle, Keri J.;Palladino, Michael J.;Freyberg, Zachary;Sulzer, David;Sames, Dalibor. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2020.Synthetic Route of C6H5ClO2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Voltage sensitive fluorescent dyes (VSDs) are important tools for probing signal transduction in neurons and other excitable cells. The impact of these highly lipophilic sensors has, however, been limited due to the lack of cell-specific targeting methods in brain tissue or living animals. The authors address this key challenge by introducing a nongenetic mol. platform for cell- and mol.-specific targeting of synthetic VSDs in the brain. The authors employ a dextran polymer particle to overcome the inherent lipophilicity of VSDs by dynamic encapsulation and high-affinity ligands to target the construct to specific neuronal cells utilizing only native components of the neurotransmission machinery at physiol. expression levels. Dichloropane, a monoamine transporter ligand, enables targeting of dense dopaminergic axons in the mouse striatum and sparse noradrenergic axons in the mouse cortex in acute brain slices. PFQX in conjunction with ligand-directed acyl imidazole chem. enables covalent labeling of AMPA-type glutamate receptors in the same brain regions. Probe variants bearing either a classical electrochromic ANEP dye or state-of-the-art VoltageFluor-type dye respond to membrane potential changes in a similar manner to the parent dyes, as shown by whole-cell patch recording. The authors demonstrate the feasibility of optical voltage recording with the probes in brain tissue with one-photon and two-photon fluorescence microscopy and define the signal limits of optical voltage imaging with synthetic sensors under a low photon budget determined by the native expression levels of the target proteins. This work demonstrates the feasibility of a chem. targeting approach and expands the possibilities of cell-specific imaging and pharmacol. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5Synthetic Route of C6H5ClO2).
4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Synthetic Route of C6H5ClO2
Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics