Preparation and performance evaluation of supramolecular phase change fracturing fluid with thermal stimuli-response was written by Yu, Donghe;Chen, Weiyu;Liu, Guohua;Zhao, Liqiang;Jia, Yuanzhao;Xu, Kun;Zhang, Nanlin. And the article was included in Youtian Huaxue in 2021.Recommanded Product: Tetramethylammonium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:
In the hydraulic fracturing stimulation measures, the injection of proppant often leads to the problems such as sand out, sand plug or no injection, which affects the fracturing effect. Using the self-assembly characteristic of supramol. material, supramol. building unit was synthesized by using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent, adding isocyanurate and tetramethylammonium chloride, and then the phase change fracturing fluid (PCFF) was prepared by modifying the building unit through functional unit, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hydrogen peroxide, calcium chloride, etc. The PCFF and the non-phase change fracturing fluid were mixed and heated to 80°C to prepare a phase change solid. The synthesized products were characterized by NMR and SEM, the microstructure of the system was analyzed, and the injectability of phase change fracturing fluid and the pressure resistance and flow conductivity of phase change solid were studied. The results showed that during the heating process, the mol. self-assembly arrangement of PCFF underwent a phase change and formed a solid. The PCFF had good injectability, and the average viscosity at 20-70°C was only 17.55 mPa·s. The phase change solid had good pressure resistance and crush resistance, and the crushing rate under 28 and 52 MPa closing pressure was 1.83% and 3.22%, resp. The conductivity of phase change solid under different sanding concentrations was better, and the high-pressure conductivity was close to that of ceramsite and much higher than that of quartz sand. During the fracturing construction process, only liquid was injected. The PCFF formed a solid phase at the formation temperature to support the fractures and established oil and gas channels, avoiding sand plugging and injectability problem of solid proppant. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Recommanded Product: Tetramethylammonium chloride).
Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Recommanded Product: Tetramethylammonium chloride
Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics