Month: December 2022

Functionalization of Quinolines through Copper-Catalyzed Regioselective Halogenation Reaction was written by Sahoo, Harekrishna;Ramakrishna, Isai;Baidya, Mahiuddin. And the article was included in ChemistrySelect in 2016.Safety of 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride This article mentions the following:

A copper-catalyzed chelation-controlled remote C-H halogenation of quinolines is developed. The reaction is scalable and proceeded with excellent C5-regioselectivity offering halogen-substituted 8-aminoquinolines such as I (R = 2-naphthyl, 4-MeOC₆H₄, PhCH₂, t-Bu, etc.; R¹ = Br, I) in very high yields (up to 97%). The products were further utilized for various cross-coupling reactions en route to highly C5-functionalized quinolines. As an application, synthesis of a bioactive compound having tumor-suppressor activity was accomplished. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6Safety of 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride).

3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Safety of 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and evaluation of surface activity of Gemini borate surfactants based on glucose moiety was written by Emara, Mostafa M.;Abdel-Salam, Fatma H.;Ali, Roshdy A.;Turky, Amal S.;Elghayish, Mahmoud M.. And the article was included in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology in 2016.Application In Synthesis of 1-Chlorooctadecane This article mentions the following:

A series of Gemini borate surfactants were synthesized based on glucose mol. Their chem. structures were confirmed using ¹H-NMR,¹³C NMR, and mass spectroscopy. The surface activities of these Gemini amphiphiles were measured, including surface tension (γ), critical micelle concentration (CMC), effectiveness (II_cmc), efficiency (pC₂₀), maximum surface excess (Τ_max), and min. surface area (A_min) at different temperatures 25, 35, and 45°C either in pure water or in water-ethanol mixture (10%). Also, thermodn. data including free energy, entropy, and enthalpy changes (ΔS, TΔS, ΔH) for adsorption at the air-water interface and also for micellization in surfactant solutions were calculated In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2Application In Synthesis of 1-Chlorooctadecane).

1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Application In Synthesis of 1-Chlorooctadecane

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Aminoquinoline-directed, cobalt-catalyzed carbonylation of sulfonamide sp² C-H bonds was written by Nguyen, Tung Thanh;Grigorjeva, Liene;Daugulis, Olafs. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2017.Synthetic Route of C7H4ClF3O2S This article mentions the following:

We report a method for cobalt-catalyzed, aminoquinoline-directed sp² C-H bond carbonylation of sulfonamides. The reactions proceed in a dichloroethane solvent, and employ diisopropyl azodicarboxylate as a carbon monoxide source, Mn(OAc)₂ as a cooxidant and potassium pivalate as a base. Halogen, ester, and amide functionalities are compatible with the reaction conditions. This method allows for a short and efficient synthesis of saccharin derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6Synthetic Route of C7H4ClF3O2S).

3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Synthetic Route of C7H4ClF3O2S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Shape Evolution of CdSe Nanoparticles Controlled by Halogen Compounds was written by Meyns, Michaela;Iacono, Fabiola;Palencia, Cristina;Geweke, Jan;Coderch, Mauricio D.;Fittschen, Ursula E. A.;Gallego, Jose M.;Otero, Roberto;Juarez, Beatriz H.;Klinke, Christian. And the article was included in Chemistry of Materials in 2014.Synthetic Route of C18H37Cl This article mentions the following:

Halogen compounds are capable of playing an important role in the manipulation of nanoparticle shapes and properties. In a new approach, the authors examined the shape evolution of CdSe nanorods to hexagonal pyramids in a hot-injection synthesis under the influence of halogenated additives in the form of organic chlorine, bromine, and iodine compounds Supported by d. functional theory calculations, this shape evolution is explained as a result of X-type ligand coordination to sloped and flat Cd-rich facets and an equilibrium shape strongly influenced by halides. Synchrotron XPS measurements and TXRF results show that the shape evolution is accompanied by a modification in the chem. composition of the ligand sphere. The exptl. results suggest that the mol. structure of the halogenated compound is related to the degree of the effect on both rod growth and further shape evolution. This presents a new degree of freedom in nanoparticle shape control and highlights the role of additives in nanoparticle synthesis and their possible in situ formation of ligands. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2Synthetic Route of C18H37Cl).

1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Synthetic Route of C18H37Cl

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Oxidation of unsaturated compounds. III. Oxidation of 3-chlorocrotonic acid. Synthesis of dl-threonic acid. Proof of configuration of the dl-1,2-dihydroxybutyric acids was written by Braun, Geza. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1930.Recommanded Product: 26340-58-9 This article mentions the following:

Oxidation of 3-chlorocrotonic acid, m. 83°, with Ba(ClO₃)₂ in H₂O containing a little osmic acid, gives 78% of dl-threo-1,2-dihydroxy-3-chlorobutyric acid (I), m. 100°; further oxidation, after removing the Cl with AcOAg, with dilute HNO₃, gives dl-(HC(OH)CO₃H)₃ and a small amount of (CO₃H)₃. I, neutralized with BaCO₃, and treated with Ag₂O, gives 46% of dl-threonic acid, m. 98°; with HNO₃ no trace of mesotartaric acid is found, proving that the treatment with HNO₃ causes no inversion. This acid does not form a lactone under the conditions in which the dl-erythronic acid can be isolated only as a lactone. The proof of the configuration of the dl-1,2-dihydroxybutyric acids (II) is based on the fact that the I may be converted into racemic acid and on the other hand it may be catalytically reduced to the II, m. 74-5°, in 70% yield. This shows clearly that the II, m. 74°, has the same configuration as racemic acid and the other possible II, m. 81.5°, has a configuration corresponding to mesotartaric acid. The assignment of the prefixes “threo” and “erythro” for the acids m. 74.5° and 81.5°, resp., is therefore justified. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-Chlorobut-2-enoic acid (cas: 26340-58-9Recommanded Product: 26340-58-9).

(E)-4-Chlorobut-2-enoic acid (cas: 26340-58-9) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Recommanded Product: 26340-58-9

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Electrochemical treatment of chemical oxygen demand in produced water using flow-by porous graphite electrode was written by Abdel-Salam, Omar E.;Abou Taleb, Enas M.;Afify, Ahmed A.. And the article was included in Water and Environment Journal in 2018.Electric Literature of C18H37Cl This article mentions the following:

Produced water is the largest wastewater stream generated in the oil and gas industries. In this study, experiments were carried out using a bench-scale electrochem. cell using flow-by porous graphite electrode, for oxidation of organic matter in produced water which was collected from natural gas processing field (real sample). The effect of anodic c.d. and influent feed flow rate on COD (COD) removal efficiency, and energy consumption were investigated. The maximum removal efficiency of 66.52% was obtained for a flow rate of 50 mL/min, c.d. of 1.41 mA/cm² and pH of 7.3 for an influent COD of 2845 mg O₂/L. The energy consumption at these conditions was 2.12 kWh/kg_COD. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2Electric Literature of C18H37Cl).

1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Electric Literature of C18H37Cl

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A series of carbonyl, olefin, alkyne, hydrido, and vinyl iridium complexes containing bulky bifunctional phosphines iPr₂PCH₂X as ligands was written by Steinert, Paul;Werner, Helmut. And the article was included in Chemische Berichte/Recueil in 1997.Product Details of 39722-81-1 This article mentions the following:

Etheneiridium(I) complexes trans-[IrCl(C₂H₄)L₂] [L = iPr₂PCH₂CO₂Me, iPr₂PCH₂CO₂Et, iPr₂P(CH₂)₃NMe₂] were prepared either from [IrClL₂] or [IrCl(C₂H₄)₂]₂ as starting materials. The corresponding carbonyl derivatives trans-[IrCl(CO)L₂] were obtained along similar routes. Photolysis of trans-[IrCl(C₂H₄)L₂] (L = iPr₂PCH₂CO₂Me, iPr₂PCH₂CO₂Et) leads, by intramol. C-H activation, to the formation of octahedral [IrHCl(CH:CH₂)(κ-L)(κ²-L)], which are highly fluxional in solution The crystal structure of [IrHCl(CH:CH₂)(κ-L)(κ²-L)] (L = iPr₂PCH₂CO₂Me) is reported. Carbonyl hydrido vinyl complexes are accessible either from [IrHCl(CH:CH₂)(κ-L)(κ²-L)] and CO, or from trans-[IrCl(C₂H₄)L₂] (L = iPr₂PCH₂CO₂Me) and HCCCHPhOH, resp. Treatment of [IrClL₂] or the corresponding dihydrido compound [IrH₂ClL₂] with CH₂:CHCOMe or CH₂:CHCO₂Me also yields Ir(III) complexes [IrHCl(CH:CHX)L₂] (X = COMe, CO₂Me), in which instead of the CO function of the phosphinyl ester the CO group of the vinylic moiety is coordinated to the metal. The reaction of [IrHCl(CH:CH₂)(κ-L)(κ²-L)] (L = iPr₂PCH₂CO₂Me) with HCCR (R = Ph, CO₂Me) affords the structurally related alkynyl hydrido Ir(III) compounds [IrHCl(CCR)(κ-L)(κ²-L)], while from [IrHCl(CH:CH₂)(κ-L)(κ²-L)] (L = iPr₂PCH₂CO₂Me) and internal alkynes RCCR the Ir(I) complexes trans-[IrCl(RCCR)L₂] (R = Ph, CO₂Me) were obtained. Stepwise treatment of trans-[IrCl(CO)L₂] (L = iPr₂PCH₂CO₂Me) with NaN(SiMe₃)₂, H₂O, and HCl leads, in the coordination sphere of the metal center, to a conversion of iPr₂PCH₂CO₂Me to iPr₂PCH₂CO₂H via the isolated phosphinyl enolate and phosphinyl acetate complexes as intermediates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Chlorobis(ethylene)iridium(I) dimer (cas: 39722-81-1Product Details of 39722-81-1).

Chlorobis(ethylene)iridium(I) dimer (cas: 39722-81-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Product Details of 39722-81-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and biological investigations of 3β-aminotropane arylamide derivatives with atypical antipsychotic profile was written by Stefanowicz, Jacek;Slowinski, Tomasz;Wrobel, Martyna Z.;Slifirski, Grzegorz;Dawidowski, Maciej;Stefanowicz, Zdzislawa;Jastrzebska-Wiesek, Magdalena;Partyka, Anna;Wesolowska, Anna;Turlo, Jadwiga. And the article was included in Medicinal Chemistry Research in 2018.Quality Control of 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene This article mentions the following:

This work is a continuation of our previous research, concentrating this time on lead structure modification to increase the 5-HT_1A receptor affinity and water solubility of designed compounds Therefore, the compounds synthesized within the present project included structural analogs of 3β-acylamine derivatives of tropane with the introduction of a Me substituent in the benzyl ring and a 2-quinoline, 3-quinoline, or 6-quinoline moiety. A series of novel 3β-aminotropane derivatives was evaluated for their affinity for 5-HT_1A, 5-HT_2A, and D₂ receptors, which allowed for the identification of compounds I, II, and III as ligands with highest affinity for the tested receptors; they were then subjected to further evaluation in preliminary in vivo studies. Selected compounds II and III displayed antipsychotic properties in the d-amphetamine-induced and MK-801-induced hyperlocomotor activity test in mice. Moreover, compound III showed significant antidepressant-like activity in the forced swim test in mice. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9Quality Control of 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene).

1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Quality Control of 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A proposal for a new in vitro method for direct classification of eye irritants by cytotoxicity test – Preliminary study was written by Krakowian, Daniel;Gadarowska, Dominika;Daniel-Wojcik, Anna;Mrzyk, Inga. And the article was included in Toxicology Letters in 2021.Computed Properties of C13H9Cl3N2O This article mentions the following:

None of the in vitro method are suitable for directly classifying of a substance as an eye irritant (category 2). They can classify substance as category 1 (serious eye damage) or as “no category” (not requiring classification). The aim of this study was to develop a new method for direct classification of a substance as category 2. Cytotoxicity Assay to Assess Eye Irritation (CEI) was performed on fibroblast – HDFn cell line with 36 substances. 5 concentrations of all substances and neat substances were applied directly to the cells. After 30 min, medium was added and cells were incubated at 37°C. The next day, the cytotoxicity assay was performed (MTT assay in the first run and NRU assay in the second run). Based on viability and IC50 value (concentration with 50% viability) a substance could be classified in category 2, category 1, and as “no category”. The results obtained were referred to ECHA database. This new method had high sensitivity (53.8-88.9%), specificity (73.9-100.0%) and accuracy (69.4-88.9%) in the classification to all categories. It effectively classifies not only substances in category 2 but also in category 1 and substances that do not require classification. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Computed Properties of C13H9Cl3N2O).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Computed Properties of C13H9Cl3N2O

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Crucial importance of length of fatty-acyl chains bound to the sn-2 position of phosphatidylglycerol for growth and photosynthesis of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was written by Endo, Kaichiro;Abe, Masato;Kawanishi, Nobumasa;Jimbo, Haruhiko;Kobayashi, Koichi;Suzuki, Tomoko;Nagata, Noriko;Miyoshi, Hideto;Wada, Hajime. And the article was included in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids in 2022.Product Details of 76-83-5 This article mentions the following:

Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in thylakoid membrane is essential for growth and photosynthesis of photosynthetic organisms. Although the sn-2 position of PG in thylakoid membrane is exclusively esterified with C16 fatty acids, the functional importance of the C16 fatty-acyl chains at the sn-2 position has not been clarified. In this study, we chem. synthesized non-metabolizable PG mols.: we introduced linoleic acid (18:2, fatty acid containing 18 carbons with 2 double bonds) and one of the saturated fatty acids with different chain length (12:0, 14:0, 16:0, 18:0 and 20:0) by ether linkage to the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, resp. With the synthesized ether-linked PG mols., we checked whether they could complement the growth and photosynthesis of pgsA mutant cells of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to understand the importance of length of fatty chains at the sn-2 position of PG. The pgsA mutant is incapable of synthesizing PG, so it requires exogenous PG added to medium for growth. The growth rate and photosynthetic activity of mutant cells depended on the length of fatty chains: the PG mol. species binding 16:0 most effectively complemented the growth and photosynthesis of mutant cells, and other PG mol. species with fatty chains shorter or longer than 16:0 were less effective; especially, those binding 12:0 inhibited the growth and photosynthetic activity of the mutant cells. These data demonstrate that length of fatty chains bound to the sn-2 position of PG is critical for PG performance in growth and photosynthesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5Product Details of 76-83-5).

(Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Product Details of 76-83-5

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics