Kinetic study on methylene blue removal from aqueous solution using UV/chlorine process and its combination with other advanced oxidation processes was written by Hoang, Nguyen Tien;Manh, Tran Duc;Nguyen, Vo Thang;Thy Nga, Nguyen Thi;Mwazighe, Fredrick M.;Nhi, Bui D.;Hoang, Hien Y.;Chang, S. Woong;Chung, W. Jin;Nguyen, D. Duc. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2022.Quality Control of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride This article mentions the following:
This study investigated the kinetic degradation of methylene blue (MB) by a UV/chlorine process and its combination with other advanced oxidation processes. The 鈥H and reactive chlorine species (RCS: Cl鈥? ClO鈥? etc.) were the primary reactive species, which accounted for 56.7% and 37.6% of MB degradation at pH 7, resp. The second-order rate constant of Cl鈥?towards MB was calculated to be 2.8 x 109 M-1 s-1. When the pH increased from 3 to 7, kMB by 鈥H increased from 0.15 to 0.21 min-1 before being reduced to 0.11 min-1 at pH 11. kMB by RCS continuously reduced from 0.16 to 0.13 min-1 when the pH was increased to 11. Humic acid (HA), Br–, and Cl– inhibited the degradation with kMB in the order: kMB (in HA) < kMB (in Br–) < kMB (in Cl–). HCO–3 increased kMB from 0.37 to 0.48 min-1. The exptl. and modeling methods fit well, indicating the effectiveness of using Kintecus in predicting concentrations of free radicals in complex water matrixes. TOC removal was achieved at 60% after 30 min in a control process and it was strongly inhibited by the presence of HA, with 22% removal achieved at 5 mgc L-1 HA. UV/chlorine/electrochem. oxidation (UV/chlorine/EO) significantly improves kMB from 0.37 to 0.94 min-1 at a high current (240 mA), while UV/chlorine/H2O2 decreased kMB at a low concentration of 0.01 mM H2O2 (kMB decreased by 6.1%). The results indicate that the energy cost for UV irradiation was the main cost in MB treatment in both UV/chlorine and UV/persulfate (UV/PS) processes, accounting for 91% and 84%, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Quality Control of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride).
3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Quality Control of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride
Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics