Engineering of a near-infrared fluorescent probe for real-time simultaneous visualization of intracellular hypoxia and induced mitophagy was written by Liu, Yongchao;Teng, Lili;Chen, Lanlan;Ma, Hongchang;Liu, Hong-Wen;Zhang, Xiao-Bing. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2018.COA of Formula: C6H5ClO2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Mitophagy induced by hypoxia plays an important role in regulating cellular homeostasis via the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria in the lysosomal degradation pathway, which results in physiol. changes in the mitochondria, such as the pH, polarity and viscosity. However, the lack of an effective method for imaging of both the hypoxic microenvironment and the resulting variable mitochondria limits the visualization of hypoxia-induced mitophagy. Based on the specific mitochondrial pH changes during the hypoxia-induced mitophagy process, we have reported a near-IR fluorescent probe (NIR-HMA) for real-time simultaneous visualization of the hypoxic microenvironment and the subsequent mitophagy process in live cells. NIR-HMA selectively accumulated in the hypoxic mitochondria in the NIR-MAO form, emitting at 710 nm, and then transformed into NIR-MAOH, emitting at 675 nm, in the acidified mitochondria-containing autolysosomes. Importantly, by smartly tethering the hypoxia-responsive group to the hydroxyl group of the NIR-fluorochrome, which shows ratiometric pH changes, NIR-HMA can differentiate between different levels of the hypoxic microenvironment and mitophagy. Furthermore, using NIR-HMA, we could track the complete mitophagy process from the mitochondria to the autolysosomes and visualize mitophagy caused only by hypoxia both in cancer cells and normal cells. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5COA of Formula: C6H5ClO2).
4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.COA of Formula: C6H5ClO2
Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics