Additivity of substituent effects in m- and p-substituted benzoic acids was written by Kalfus, K.;Kroupa, J.;Vecera, M.;Exner, Otto. And the article was included in Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications in 1975.Application In Synthesis of 3-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid This article mentions the following:
Dissociation constants of 74 mono- and disubstituted benzoic acids were measured in 50% aqueous EtOH and 80% aqueous Me cellosolve. Cumulative substituent effects were generally in accord with the additive scheme presented. With 3,5-disubstituted benzoic acids, the additivity was within the limits of exptl. error; the theoretically required effect of symmetry on the entropy term was not required. With 3,4-disubstituted benzoic acids, the deviations from additivity were more frequent; some deviations could be explained in terms of current theories of the ortho effect. In both series the additive relationship in a constant solvent is more precise than the Hammett equation. A lesser number of deviations was observed in 80% aqueous Me cellosolve than in 50% aqueous EtOH. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid (cas: 34662-36-7Application In Synthesis of 3-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid).
3-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid (cas: 34662-36-7) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Application In Synthesis of 3-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid
Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics