Evaluation and comparison of in vitro intrinsic clearance rates measured using cryopreserved hepatocytes from humans, rats, and rainbow trout was written by Black, Sherry R.;Nichols, John W.;Fay, Kellie A.;Matten, Sharlene R.;Lynn, Scott G.. And the article was included in Toxicology in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 101-20-2 This article mentions the following:
In vitro and in silico methods that can reduce the need for animal testing are being used with increasing frequency to assess chem. risks to human health and the environment. The rate of hepatic biotransformation is an important species-specific parameter for determining bioaccumulation potential and extrapolating in vitro bioactivity to in vivo effects. One approach to estimating hepatic biotransformation is to employ in vitro systems derived from liver tissue to measure chem. (substrate) depletion over time which can then be translated to a rate of intrinsic clearance (CLint). In the present study, cryopreserved hepatocytes from humans, rats, and rainbow trout were used to measure CLint values for 54 industrial and pesticidal chems. at starting test concentrations of 0.1 and 1 渭M. A data evaluation framework that emphasizes the behavior of Heat-Treated Controls (HTC) was developed to identify datasets suitable for rate reporting. Measured or estimated (“greater than” or “less than”) CLint values were determined for 124 of 226 (55 %) species-chem.-substrate concentration datasets with acceptable anal. chem. A large percentage of tested chems. exhibited low HTC recovery values, indicating a substantial abiotic loss of test chem. over time. An evaluation of KOW values for individual chems. suggested that in vitro test performance declined with increasing chem. hydrophobicity, although differences in testing devices for mammals and fish also likely played a role. The current findings emphasize the value of neg. controls as part of a rigorous approach to data quality assessment for in vitro substrate depletion studies. Changes in current testing protocols can be expected to result in the collection of higher quality data. However, poorly soluble chems. are likely to remain a challenge for CLint determination In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2HPLC of Formula: 101-20-2).
1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.HPLC of Formula: 101-20-2
Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics