Category: 101-20-2

Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for pharmaceuticals and personal care productions removal in constructed wetlands with different substrate was written by Hu, Bo;Hu, Shanshan;Vymazal, Jan;Chen, Zhongbing. And the article was included in Journal of Cleaner Production in 2022.Reference of 101-20-2 This article mentions the following:

This study investigated the effects of substrates (sand, perlite, vermiculite, and biochar) on the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the roots of Glyceria maxima in constructed wetlands (CWs) and the impacts of AMF inoculation on the removal of six selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Results showed that the application of adsorptive substrates (perlite, vermiculite, and biochar) in CWs had pos. effects on AMF colonization. AMF could influence the uptake and translocation of PPCPs in plant tissues. The amount of PPCPs in the roots of inoculated plants was increased by 21-193% and 67-196% in sand and vermiculite systems but decreased by 13-55% and 51-100% in perlite and biochar systems, resp., compared to the non-inoculated controls. Meanwhile, AMF enhanced the translocation of PPCPs to plant shoots, resulting in higher accumulations of PPCPs in the shoots of inoculated plants than that of non-inoculated plants. AMF had pos. effects on removing PPCPs in sand systems but insignificant effects in adsorptive substrate systems. Therefore, these results indicated that the symbiotic relationship between AMF and plant roots could affect the accumulation and translocation of PPCPs in plants, and substrate type can influence this function. This study could be a starting point for exploring the potential role of AMF in PPCPs removal in CWs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Reference of 101-20-2).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Reference of 101-20-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Line ferries and cargo ships for the monitoring of marine contaminants of emerging concern: Application along a Europe-Arctic transect was written by Brumovsky, Miroslav;Becanova, Jitka;Sanka, Ondrej;Loeken, Katharina Bjarnar;Baho, Didier L.;Soerensen, Kai;Nizzetto, Luca. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2022.Recommanded Product: 101-20-2 This article mentions the following:

Contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) are a focus in marine protection. Several CECs are released with wastewater effluents to coastal environments and their offshore occurrence has been recently documented. Routine monitoring is key for implementing marine protection acts, however infrastructural, financial, and tech. limitations hinder this task along broad spatial transects. Here we show the efficacy of a new infrastructure enabling unmanned sampling of surface water from ships of opportunity in providing reliable and cost-effective routine monitoring of CECs along a Europe-Arctic transect. The distribution and long-range transport of several pharmaceuticals and personal care products, artificial food additives, and stimulants were assessed. Validation of operations through strict procedural and anal. quality criteria is presented. A framework to estimate a compound-specific spatial range (SR) index of marine long-range transport based on monitoring results and information on source spatial distribution, is introduced. Estimated SR values ranged 50-350 km depending on compound, yielding a ranking of long-range transport potential which reflected expectations based on degradation half-lives. SR values were used to calculate prior maps of detection probability that can be used to plan future routine monitoring in the region. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Recommanded Product: 101-20-2).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Recommanded Product: 101-20-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Stable isotope probing reveals specific assimilating bacteria of refractory organic compounds in activated sludget was written by Sun, Haohao;Huang, Kailong;Zhang, Xuxiang;Ren, Hongqiang;Ye, Lin. And the article was included in Water Research in 2022.Quality Control of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea This article mentions the following:

Activated sludge in wastewater treatment bioreactors contains diverse bacteria, while little is known about the community structure of bacteria responsible for degradation of refractory organic compounds (ROCs). In this study, 10 ROCs frequently detected in sewage were investigated, and the potential bacteria degrading these ROCs were analyzed by DNA stable isotope probing and high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the bacterial communities responsible for degradation of different ROCs were largely different. A total of 84 bacterial genera were found to be involved in degrading at least one of the 10 ROCs, however, only six genera (Acinetobacter, Bacteroides, Bosea, Brevundimonas, Lactobacillus and Pseudomonas) were common to all 10 ROCs. This suggests that different ROCs may have specific assimilating bacteria in the activated sludge. Our results also showed that these ROC-degrading bacteria are difficult to isolate by conventional methods and that most of them have relatively low relative abundance in municipal wastewater treatment bioreactors. Development of new technologies to increase the abundance and activity of these bacteria may significantly improve the removal efficiency of ROCs from wastewater. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Quality Control of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Quality Control of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Human health and ecological risk assessment of 98 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) detected in Indian surface and wastewaters was written by Sengar, Ashish;Vijayanandan, Arya. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea This article mentions the following:

The release of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in environmental waters has become an urgent issue due to their pseudo-persistent traits. The present study was undertaken to conduct a screening-level risk assessment of 98 PPCPs, detected in different water matrixes (treated wastewater, surface water, and groundwater) of India, for evaluating ecol. risk (risk to fish, daphnia, and algae), human health risk, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) selection risk by following risk quotient (RQ) based methodol. In the present study, 47% of the detected PPCPs in Indian waters were found to exert a possible risk (RQ > 1) to either aquatic species and human health, or cause AMR selection risk. 17 out of 25 antibiotics detected in the environmental waters were found to pose a threat of AMR selection. 11 out of 49 pharmaceuticals were found to exert human health risk from ingesting contaminated surface water, whereas only 2 pharmaceuticals out of 25 were found to exert risk from the intake of groundwater. Very high RQs (>1000) for few pharmaceuticals were obtained, signifying a great potential of the detected PPCPs in causing severe health concern, aquatic toxicity, and AMR spread. Within India, special attention needs to be given to the pharmaceutical hubs, as the environmental waters in these regions were found to be severely contaminated with drug residues resulting in extremely high RQs. The present study will be helpful in prioritizing the detected PPCPs in the environmental waters of India, for which immediate attention and enforceable guidelines are required. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Application In Synthesis of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Application In Synthesis of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Highly efficient manganese (III) oxide submerged catalytic ceramic membrane for nonradical degradation of emerging organic compounds was written by Chen, Li;Maqbool, Tahir;Fu, Wanyi;Yang, Yulong;Hou, Congyu;Guo, Jianning;Zhang, Xihui. And the article was included in Separation and Purification Technology in 2022.Synthetic Route of C13H9Cl3N2O This article mentions the following:

In this study the performance of catalytic ceramic membranes in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) was investigated. The catalytic ceramic membrane (MnCM) integrated with Mn₂O₃ nanoparticles was fabricated by a solid-state sintering method. Phys. and chem. properties of MnCM were characterized by SEM/EDX, XRD, BET, AFM and XPS. The MnCM/PMS system has shown excellent decontamination efficiencies (81-97% removal) for different EOCs. Acetaminophen (APAP) has been efficiently degraded by MnCM/PMS in different real water matrixes and harsh water conditions. Based on results of quenching experiments and ESR (EPR) analyses, non-radical pathway with singlet oxygen (¹O₂) was the dominant ROS for the degradation of EOCs. The membrane pores in active layer acted as micro-reactors for the interaction among active sites, PMS, and EOCs. The MnCM/PMS system showed outstanding catalytic stability with high mineralization (TOC removal of ∼ 65%) and negligible leaching of the manganese (1.3-1.5μg/L) in permeate. Hydroxylation and C-N bond cleavage were found to be the main degradation pathways of APAP by MnCM/PMS system. The MnCM prepared in this study with excellent performance could be a way forward for applications at large-scale or full-scale water systems suffering from heavy loads or trace amount of refractory organic compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Synthetic Route of C13H9Cl3N2O).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Synthetic Route of C13H9Cl3N2O

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Assessment of a wide array of contaminants of emerging concern in a Mediterranean water basin (Guadalhorce river, Spain): Motivations for an improvement of water management and pollutants surveillance was written by Llamas-Dios, M. I.;Vadillo, I.;Jimenez-Gavilan, P.;Candela, L.;Corada-Fernandez, C.. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2021.COA of Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O This article mentions the following:

This study investigates the occurrence and distribution of 185 organic contaminants (regulated pollutants and contaminants of emerging concern; CECs) in surface and groundwater of the Guadalhorce River basin (southern Spain) providing the most detailed dataset regarding organic pollution presented so far in this area. Up to 63 contaminants were detected in a monitoring campaign conducted in March 2016. Most contaminants were detected more frequently in surface water where they generally present higher concentrations suggesting the prevalence of wastewater discharges into streams as the main pollutant sources. In general, hydrophobic CECs presented the highest frequencies of detection and concentrations, which can be a consequence of several factors: (1) hydrophobic compounds show a higher retardation factor, which result, along with a continuous contaminant input, in a widespread and homogeneous distribution. In contrast, hydrophilic contaminants are more easily transported by water flows towards the lower basin and potentially accumulate as driven by groundwater flow and because of low renewal rates in the detrital aquifers caused by re-pumping and irrigation return flows in agricultural lands; (2) hydrophobic CECs studied in this research are mainly personal care products and organophosphate esters flame retardants and plasticizers, which are present in many different products and are used in large amounts; Also, (3) use of biosolids (reclaimed sewer sludge) as fertilizer for crops is potentially an addnl. diffuse source of organic pollutants in the study area contributing to a widespread distribution, especially for hydrophobic compounds Obtained results highlight the need to better define the potential risk of non-regulated contaminants in water resources as well as the great impact of untreated wastewater discharges. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2COA of Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.COA of Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

SkinEthic HCE Time-to-Toxicity on solids: A test method for distinguishing chemicals inducing serious eye damage, eye irritation and not requiring classification and labeling was written by Alepee, Nathalie;Leblanc, Virginie;Grandidier, Marie-Helene;Teluob, Severine;Viricel, Anaelle;Adriaens, Els;Michaut, Valerie. And the article was included in Toxicology In Vitro in 2021.Application of 101-20-2 This article mentions the following:

This study describes the development of a Time-to-Toxicity approach for solids (TTS) based on the SkinEthic HCE tissue construct, capable to distinguish chems. that do not require classification for serious eye damage/eye irritation (No Cat.) from chems. that require classification for eye irritation (Cat. 2), and serious eye damage (Cat. 1). Briefly, the time-to-toxicity of 69 solids was evaluated by exposing SkinEthic HCE tissue constructs to the test chem. for two different time periods (30-min, and 120-min). Based on the viability observed for the different exposure periods, a classification was assigned. The within laboratory reproducibility in terms of concordance in classifications (3 UN GHS categories), based on a set of 48 solids, was 93.7%. Furthermore, 73.6% Cat. 1 (N = 24), 55.6% Cat. 2 (N = 15) and 72.2% No Cat. (N = 30) were correctly identified with the SkinEthic HCE TTS test method. This study provides evidence that the SkinEthic HCE Time-to-Toxicity method (multiple exposure times) can distinguish Cat. 2 solids from Cat. 1 solids. This is an added value compared to the SkinEthic HCE EITS method (single exposure time) that can distinguish No Cat. chems. from chems. that do require classification and labeling for eye irritation/serious eye damage (Cat. 2/Cat. 1). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Application of 101-20-2).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Application of 101-20-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Target and Suspect Screening of Pharmaceuticals and their Transformation Products in the Klip River, South Africa, using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was written by Madikizela, Lawrence M.;Nuapia, Yannick B.;Chimuka, Luke;Ncube, Somandla;Etale, Anita. And the article was included in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry in 2022.COA of Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O This article mentions the following:

In spite of recent reports about the presence of pharmaceuticals in African water bodies, their prevalence has still not been sufficiently quantified. The few available studies have mostly focused on a limited number of pharmaceuticals. In the present study, a suspect screening of 92 compounds (mainly pharmaceuticals and their transformation products) along the Klip River, South Africa was conducted, followed by target monitoring of 21 of the detected pharmaceuticals. The exptl. approach was based on solid-phase extraction followed by anal. with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatog.-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). The results revealed 47 pharmaceuticals, 31 of which were detected for the first time in South African waters. Seven detected pharmaceuticals (propyphenazole, sulfamerazine, levamisole, tryptophan, dibucaine, albuterol, and fenpropimorph) are not approved medications in South Africa. Six pharmaceutical metabolites were detected for the first time in South Africa. Pharmaceuticals with the highest concentrations in river water were flumequine (0.257 μg L-1), oxolinic acid (0.355 μg L-1), and acetaminophen (0.432 μg L-1). Oxolinic acid presented the highest hazard quotient, 48.6, indicating a risk of toxicity to aquatic organisms. Hazard quotients for other pharmaceuticals were below 1, except that of flumequine, which reached 1.285. These results suggest a need for further research into the fate of pharmaceuticals in surface waters, and a quantification of the risks associated with the identified drugs because they are likely to accumulate in the tissues of fish/aquatic organisms, thus affecting humans. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2COA of Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).COA of Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Spectral characteristics of dissolved organic carbon derived from biomass-pyrogenic smoke (SDOC) in the aqueous environment and its solubilization effect on hydrophobic organic pollutants was written by Zhang, Huiying;Wu, Liang;Qian, Wei;Ni, Jinzhi;Wei, Ran;Qi, Zhichong;Chen, Weifeng. And the article was included in Water Research in 2021.SDS of cas: 101-20-2 This article mentions the following:

Dissolved organic carbon derived from biomass-pyrogenic smoke (SDOC) can be transported and deposited with atm. aerosols, enter aqueous environments, and possibly alter aqueous chem. and quality. However, the characteristics of SDOC in aqueous environments and their effects on the fate of hydrophobic organic pollutants are poorly understood. In this study, we found that the emitted SDOC is 7.2∼19.6 weight% of biochar retained in situ after biomass pyrolysis, and the emitted SDOC is approx. 1-3 orders of magnitude greater than dissolved organic carbon (DOC) released from biochar in a short term, which indicates that SDOC is a more important source of DOC in aqueous environments relative to biochar-released DOC after a biomass burning/pyrolysis event. The characteristics of SDOC in aqueous environments are dominated by the <1000 Da fraction, which accounts for >96 weight% of bulk SDOC. In comparison with DOC in biochar, natural water, and soil, the S275-295 value of SDOC (0.037-0.053) is significantly greater, further indicating that SDOC has a smaller mol. size. Moreover, fluorescence EEM suggests that a fluorescence component located at the Ex/Em of 205/310 nm and the combinational ranges of fluorescence index (1.28-2.28), humification index (0.07-0.80), and biol. index (1.16-1.72) can be used to identify SDOC from DOC in other media. Solubilization experiments indicated that SDOC (20 mg/L) improved the solubility of hydrophobic pollutants (pyrene and triclocarban) by 2-6 folds in aqueous environments, which potentially enhances the mobility of pollutants and enlarges the potential risk region. This study indicates that SDOC may cause a severe harm to aqueous environments in addition to the atm. The results have profound implications for comprehensive assessments of the environmental effects of SDOC while promoting its identification and elucidating its behavior in aqueous environments. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2SDS of cas: 101-20-2).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.SDS of cas: 101-20-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Engineering of the chloroaniline-catabolic plasmid pDCA-1 and its potential for genetic bioaugmentation was written by Ke, Zhuang;Wang, Shen;Dai, Weixian;Jia, Weibin;Mu, Yang;Jiang, Jiandong;Chen, Kai. And the article was included in International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation in 2022.Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O This article mentions the following:

Plasmids disseminate pollutant-catabolic genes through horizontal transfer and contribute to the catabolic potential of the host microbial community. Genetic bioaugmentation of conjugative catabolic plasmids has recently been considered an effective and novel approach for long-term bioremediation of contaminated sites. In this study, we engineered an IncP-1β-2 subgroup plasmid pDCA-1 from Achromobacter sp. ANB-1 for its potential application in genetic bioaugmentation. A dcaA1A2B cluster responsible for the deamination of chloroaniline to chlorocatechol and a 1,2-dioxygenase gene (ccdC) for the ring cleavage of chlorocatechol were found to locate on the broad host range plasmid pDCA-1. Insertion of an amidase gene (phh or tccA2) at the accessory region of plasmid pDCA-1 greatly expanded its catabolic substrate spectrum from chloroaniline (3-chloroaniline and 3,4-dichloroaniline) to herbicides (linuron, propanil, propham, and chlorpropham), bacteriostatic agent (triclocarban), plant regulator (forchlorfenuron), and insecticide (diflubenzuron). Taking advantages of high-throughput cell sorting and 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing, we depicted the diversity of bacterial recipients for the engineered plasmid pDCA-1-gfp-phh in a soil bacterial consortium, showing an excellent conjugative transfer capacity of the pDCA-1 derivative to various Gram neg. and even pos. strains in natural environment. All in all, the engineered plasmid pDCA-1 had a great potential in genetic bioaugmentation of the sites contaminated with chloroanilines and their derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics