Kamoshita, Masahiro; Kosaka, Koji; Endo, Osamu; Asami, Mari; Aizawa, Takako published an article on January 31 ,2010. The article was titled 《Mutagenic activities of a chlorination by-product of butamifos, its structural isomer, and their related compounds》, and you may find the article in Chemosphere.Quality Control of 2-Methyl-5-nitro-6-chlorophenol The information in the text is summarized as follows:
The mutagenic activities of 5-methyl-2-nitrophenol (5M2NP), a chlorination byproduct of butamifos, its structural isomer 2-methyl-5-nitrophenol (2M5NP), and related compounds were evaluated by the Ames assay. The mutagenic activities of 5M2NP and 2M5NP were neg. or not particularly high. However, those of their chlorinated derivatives were increased in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 and the overproducer strains YG1026, and YG1029 in the absence and/or presence of a rat liver metabolic activation system (S9 mix), particularly for YG1029. The mutagenic activities of 6-chloro-2-methyl-5-nitrophenol (6C2M5NP) in YG1029 in the absence and presence of S9 mix were 70 000 and 110 000 revertants mg-1, resp. When nitro functions of 6C2M5NP and 4-chloro-5-methyl-2-nitrophenol (4C5M2NP) were reduced to amino functions, their mutagenic activities were markedly decreased. The mutagenic activities of 5M2NP and 4C5M2NP were lower than those of 2M5NP and 6C2M5NP, resp. Thus, it was shown that substituent position is a key factor for the mutagenic activities of methylnitrophenols (MNPs) and related compounds The mutagenic activities of the extracts of 2M5NP in chlorination increased early during the reaction time and then decreased. The main chlorination byproduct contributing to the mutagenic activities of the extracts of 2M5NP in chlorination was 6C2M5NP. The results of chlorination of 2M5NP suggested that MNPs were present as their dichlorinated derivatives or further chlorination byproducts in drinking water. In addition to this study using 2-Methyl-5-nitro-6-chlorophenol, there are many other studies that have used 2-Methyl-5-nitro-6-chlorophenol(cas: 39183-20-5Quality Control of 2-Methyl-5-nitro-6-chlorophenol) was used in this study.
2-Methyl-5-nitro-6-chlorophenol(cas: 39183-20-5) belongs to organochlorine compounds. The wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties of organochlorides lead to a broad range of names, applications, and properties. Organochlorine compounds have wide use in many applications, though some are of profound environmental concern, with TCDD being one of the most notorious.Quality Control of 2-Methyl-5-nitro-6-chlorophenol
Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics