Application of 5407-04-5, Consequently, the presence of a catalyst will permit a system to reach equilibrium more quickly, but it has no effect on the position of the equilibrium as reflected in the value of its equilibrium constant.I hope my blog about 5407-04-5 is helpful to your research.
Application of 5407-04-5, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 5407-04-5, Name is 3-Chloro-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine hydrochloride, SMILES is CN(C)CCCCl.[H]Cl, belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Sun, Guiliang, introduce new discover of the category.
Selective-cerebral-hypothermia-induced neuroprotection against-focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is associated with an increase in SUMO2/3 conjugation
Selective cerebral hypothermia is considered an effective treatment for neuronal injury after stroke and avoids the complications of general hypothermia. Several recent studies hanve suggested that SUMO2/3 conjugation occurs following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the relationship between the cerebral protective effect of selective cerebral hypothermia and SUMO2/3 conjugation remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of selective cerebral hypothermia on SUMO2/3 conjugation during focal cerebral I/R injury. A total of 140 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. In the sham group, only the carotid artery was exposed. The endoluminal filament technique was used to induce middle cerebral artery occlusion in the other three groups. After 2 h of occlusion, the filaments were slowly removed to allow blood reperfusion in the I/R group. In the hypothermia (HT) group and normothermia (NT) group, normal saline at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C, respectively , was perfused through the carotid artery, followed by the restoration of blood flow. The results of the modified neurological severity score (mNSS), 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining demonstrated that selective cerebral hypothermia significantly decreased I/R-induced neuronal injury (mNSS, n = 8, 24 h, HT (5.88 +/- 2.36) vs. I/R (8.63 +/- 3.38), P < 0.05. 48 h, HT (5.75 +/- 2.25) vs. I/R (8.5 +/- 2.88), P < 0.05. Cerebral infarct volume percentages, n = 5, HT (18.71 +/- 2.13) vs. I/R (41.52 +/- 2.90), P < 0.01. Cell apoptosis rate, n = 5, 24 h, HT (21.28 +/- 2.61) vs. I/R (43.72 +/- 4.30), P < 0.05. 48 h, HT (20.50 +/- 2.53) vs. I/R (38.94 +/- 2.93), P < 0.05). The expression of Ubc9 and conjugated SUMO2/3 proteins was increased at 24 and 48 h after reperfusion in the 3 non-sham groups, and hypothermia further upregulated the expression of Ubc9 and conjugated SUMO2/3 proteins in the HT group. The expression of SENP3 was increased in the NT group and I/R group, while it was decreased in the HT group at 24 and 48 h after reperfusion (Relative quantities, n = 5, Ubc9, 24 h, HT (2.44 +/- 0.22) vs. I/R (1.55 +/- 0.39), P < 0.05. 48 h, HT (2.69 +/- 0.16) vs. I/R (2.25 +/- 0.33), P < 0.05. SENP3, 24 h, HT (0.47 +/- 0.15) vs. I/R (2.18 +/- 0.43), P < 0.05. 48 h, HT (0.72 +/- 0.06) vs. I/R (1.51 +/- 0.19), P < 0.05. conjugated SUMO2/3 proteins, 24 h, HT (2.84 +/- 0.24) vs. I/R (2.51 +/- 0.20), P < 0.05. 48 h, HT (2.73 +/- 0.13) vs. I/R (2.44 +/- 0.13), P < 0.05). Further analysis showed that the variation in SENP3 expression was more obvious than that in Ubc9 under hypothermia intervention in the HT group. These findings suggest that selective cerebral hypothermia could increase SUMO2/3 modification mainly via down-regulating the expression of SENP3, and then exert neuropmtective effects in rats with cerebral I/R injury.
Application of 5407-04-5, Consequently, the presence of a catalyst will permit a system to reach equilibrium more quickly, but it has no effect on the position of the equilibrium as reflected in the value of its equilibrium constant.I hope my blog about 5407-04-5 is helpful to your research.