Category: 6055-19-2

Clardy, J. C.; Mosbo, J. A.; Verkade, J. G. published the artcile< Crystal and molecular structure of cyclophosphamide hydrate>, Formula: C7H17Cl2N2O3P, the main research area is phosphamide cyclo crystal structure; carcinostatic cyclophosphamide crystal structure.

The x-ray structure of the cyclophosphamide (I) showed that the chair-form ring possesses an equatorial dialkyl amino group and an axial phosphoryl O. The triclinic crystals, space group P1,̅ had a 8.65, b 13.39, c 6.01 Å, α 96.3, β 100.3, and γ 106.7.degree., and Z = 2. The structure was refined by least-squares to R = 7.2% for 1601 reflections.

Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications published new progress about Crystal structure. 6055-19-2 belongs to class chlorides-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C7H17Cl2N2O3P, Formula: C7H17Cl2N2O3P.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ngo, Le P.; Owiti, Norah A.; Swartz, Carol; Winters, John; Su, Yang; Ge, Jing; Xiong, Aoli; Han, Jongyoon; Recio, Leslie; Samson, Leona D.; Engelward, Bevin P. published the artcile< Sensitive CometChip assay for screening potentially carcinogenic DNA adducts by trapping DNA repair intermediates>, Related Products of 6055-19-2, the main research area is DNA adduct trapping repair CometChip screening environment carcinogen.

Genotoxicity testing is critical for predicting adverse effects of pharmaceutical, industrial, and environmental chems. The alk. comet assay is an established method for detecting DNA strand breaks, however, the assay does not detect potentially carcinogenic bulky adducts that can arise when metabolic enzymes convert pro-carcinogens into a highly DNA reactive products. To overcome this, we use DNA synthesis inhibitors (hydroxyurea and 1-β-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine) to trap single strand breaks that are formed during nucleotide excision repair, which primarily removes bulky lesions. In this way, comet-undetectable bulky lesions are converted into comet-detectable single strand breaks. Moreover, we use HepaRG cells to recapitulate in vivo metabolic capacity, and leverage the CometChip platform (a higher throughput more sensitive comet assay) to create the ‘HepaCometChip’, enabling the detection of bulky genotoxic lesions that are missed by current genotoxicity screens. The HepaCometChip thus provides a broadly effective approach for detection of bulky DNA adducts.

Nucleic Acids Research published new progress about Alkaline comet assay. 6055-19-2 belongs to class chlorides-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C7H17Cl2N2O3P, Related Products of 6055-19-2.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hirose, Orie; Itabashi, Mitsuyo; Takei, Takashi; Nitta, Kosaku published the artcile< Comparison of a novel chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of MPO-ANCA in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis>, Formula: C7H17Cl2N2O3P, the main research area is chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay ELISA MPO ANCA human AAV; ANCA-associated vasculitis; BVAS; CLEIA; ELISA; MPO-ANCA.

Background. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) represents the serol. hallmark of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). We evaluated the anal. and diagnostic accuracy of chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) vs. ELISA for the detection of MPO-ANCA. Methods. A total of 242 sera obtained from 51 patients with AAV and 103 patients without AAV were tested for MPO-ANCA by ELISA (NephroScholor MPOANC II) and CLEIA (the STACIA MEBLux test). Disease activity in the patients with AAV was determined based on the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score. We analyzed the correlations between the MPO-ANCA titers determined by the CLEIA and those determined by the ELISA, and also between the MPO-ANCA titers and the disease activity. Results. The MPO-ANCA titers determined by the CLEIA (x) were strongly correlated with those determined by the ELISA (y). The correlation could be expressed by the following equation in this study: y = 1.8x + 7.7 (r = 0.96; p < 0.0001). At the cutoff value of 3.5 U/mL, the CLEIA yielded pos. test results for MPO-ANCA in 73 of the 242 sera (30.2%), while at the cutoff value of 20 U/mL, ELISA yielded pos. test results in 57 of the 242 sera (23.6%). The CLEIA yielded false-pos. test results in 4 of the 120 sera obtained from the non-AAV patients (3.3%), whereas the ELISA yielded a false-pos. result in only 1 of the 120 sera obtained from the non-AAV patients (0.8%). The sensitivity and specificity of the CLEIA for the diagnosis of AAV were 100% and 96.7%, resp., while those of the ELISA were 94.3% and 99.2%, resp. The sensitivity and specificity of the CLEIA for the prediction of active disease were 100% and 64.4%, resp., while those of the ELISA were 94.3% and 73.6%, resp. Conclusion. The false positivity rate of the CLEIA for MPO-ANCA tended to be high as compared with that of the ELISA. Also, according to the correlation coefficient between the results of the CLEIA and the ELISA calculated in this study, it is necessary to pay attention to the differences in the sensitivity and specificity between CLEIA and ELISA. Modern Rheumatology published new progress about Blood analysis. 6055-19-2 belongs to class chlorides-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C7H17Cl2N2O3P, Formula: C7H17Cl2N2O3P.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tousi, Shirin Hamed-Akbari; Saberi, Mohammad Reza; Chamani, Jamshidkhan published the artcile< Comparing the interaction of cyclophosphamide monohydrate to human serum albumin as opposed to holo-transferrin by spectroscopic and molecular modeling methods: evidence for allocating the binding site>, Recommanded Product: 2-(Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinane 2-oxide hydrate, the main research area is cyclophosphamide serum albumin transferrin spectroscopy modeling.

The interaction between cyclophosphamide monohydrate with human serum albumin (HSA) and human serum transferrin (hTf) was studied with UV absorption, fluorescence and CD spectroscopies as well as mol. modeling. Based on the fluorescence quenching results, it was determined that HSA and hTf had two classes of apparent binding constants and binding sites at physiol. conditions. The KSV1, KSV2, n1 and n2 values for HSA were found to be 8.6 × 108 Lmol-1 6.34 × 108 Lmol-1, 0.7 and 0.8, resp., and the corresponding results for hTf were 6.08 × 107 Lmol-1, 4.65 × 107 Lmol-1, 1.3 and 2.6, resp. However, the binding affinity of cyclophosphamide monohydrate to HSA was more significant than to hTf. CD results demonstrated that the binding of cyclophosphamide to HSA and hTf induced secondary changes in the structure and that the α-helix content became altered into β-sheet, turn and random coil forms. The participation of tyrosyl and tryptophan residues of proteins was also estimated in the drug-HSA and hTf complexes by synchronous fluorescence. The micro-environment of the HSA and hTf fluorophores was transferred to hydrophobic and hydrophilic conditions, resp. The distance r between donor and acceptor was obtained by the Forster energy according to fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and found to be 1.84 nm and 1.73 nm for HSA and hTf, resp. This confirmed the existence of static quenching for both proteins in the presence of cyclophosphamide monohydrate. Site marker competitive displacement experiments demonstrated that cyclophosphamide bound with high affinity to Site II, sub-domain IIIA of HSA, and for hTf, the C-lobe constituted the binding site. Furthermore, a study of mol. modeling showed that cyclophosphamide situated in domain II in HSA was bound through hydrogen bonding with Arg 257 and Ser 287, and that cyclophosphamide was situated in the C-lobe in hTf, presenting hydrogen bonding with Asp 625 and Arg 453. The modeling data thus confirmed the exptl. results.

Protein & Peptide Letters published new progress about Blood serum albumins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study) (human). 6055-19-2 belongs to class chlorides-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C7H17Cl2N2O3P, Recommanded Product: 2-(Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinane 2-oxide hydrate.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Martin-Bernabe, Alfonso; Tarrago-Celada, Josep; Cunin, Valerie; Michelland, Sylvie; Cortes, Rold An; Poignant, Johann; Boyault, Cyril; Rachidi, Walid; Bourgoin-Voillard, Sandrine; Cascante, Marta; Seve, Michel published the artcile< Quantitative proteomic approach reveals altered metabolic pathways in response to the inhibition of lysine deacetylases in A549 cells under normoxia and hypoxia>, Reference of 6055-19-2, the main research area is lysine deacetylase inhibition normoxia hypoxia metabolic pathway proteomics; NSCLC; cancer metabolism; hypoxia; lysine deacetylase inhibitors.

Growing evidence is showing that acetylation plays an essential role in cancer, but studies on the impact of KDAC inhibition (KDACi) on the metabolic profile are still in their infancy. Here, we analyzed, by using an iTRAQ-based quant. proteomics approach, the changes in the proteome of KRAS-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells in response to trichostatin-A (TSA) and nicotinamide (NAM) under normoxia and hypoxia. Part of this response was further validated by mol. and biochem. analyses and correlated with the proliferation rates, apoptotic cell death, and activation of ROS scavenging mechanisms in opposition to the ROS production Despite the differences among the KDAC inhibitors, up-regulation of glycolysis, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid synthesis emerged as a common metabolic response underlying KDACi. We also observed that some of the KDACi effects at metabolic levels are enhanced under hypoxia. Furthermore, we used a drug repositioning machine learning approach to list candidate metabolic therapeutic agents for KRAS mutated NSCLC. Together, these results allow us to better understand the metabolic regulations underlying KDACi in NSCLC, taking into account the microenvironment of tumors related to hypoxia, and bring new insights for the future rational design of new therapies.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about Apoptosis. 6055-19-2 belongs to class chlorides-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C7H17Cl2N2O3P, Reference of 6055-19-2.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gao, Qiongqiong; Zhang, Jing; Chen, Chen; Chen, Menglin; Sun, Peng; Du, Wei; Zhang, Shengchang; Liu, Ying; Zhang, Rui; Bai, Mei; Fan, Changchun; Wu, Jibiao; Men, Tongyi; Jiang, Xinyi published the artcile< In Situ Mannosylated Nanotrinity-Mediated Macrophage Remodeling Combats Candida albicans Infection>, Recommanded Product: 2-(Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinane 2-oxide hydrate, the main research area is insitu mannosylated Nanotrinity Mediated macrophage remodeling combats candida albicans; Candida albicans; chitosan oligosaccharides; imatinib; macrophage polarization; mannosylated nanotrinity.

Deep Candida albicans infection is one of the major causes of death in immunosuppressed hosts. Remodeling macrophages to phenotype M1 can decrease fungus burden and facilitate combating C. albicans under an immunosuppressive state. In this study, a nanotrinity was exploited to direct fungicidal macrophage polarization by leveraging the regulation pathways in macrophage redifferentiation. Conventional chemotherapeutic imatinib, which can abrogate M2 macrophage polarization via “”shutting off”” the STAT6 phosphorylation pathway, was encapsulated in biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles. In house-customized dual functional mannosylated chitosan oligosaccharides were then coated on the surface of the imatinib-laden nanoparticles, and thus, a mannosylated nanotrinity was achieved with ternary functions for macrophage remodeling: (i) imatinib-blocked STAT6 phosphorylation pathway for decreasing M2 macrophage population; (ii) chitosan oligosaccharides-mediated TLR-4 pathway activation that could promote macrophage redifferentiation to M1 phenotype; (iii) mannose motif-enhanced macrophage targeting. After physiochem. characterization, regulatory effects of the mannosylated nanotrinity on macrophages and the anti-C. albicans efficacy were evaluated at the cellular level and animal level, resp. The results demonstrated that our mannosylated nanotrinity could efficiently induce macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype, decrease M2 phenotype production, and markedly lessen fungus burden and increased the median survival time of mice infected with C. albicans. Therefore, the mannosylated nanotrinity developed in this study could significantly induce macrophage remodeling in situ by the two-pronged process, “”turning on”” M1 phenotype polarization meanwhile “”shutting off”” M2 phenotype polarization, and thus allowed to eradicate C. albicans infection.

ACS Nano published new progress about Candida albicans. 6055-19-2 belongs to class chlorides-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C7H17Cl2N2O3P, Recommanded Product: 2-(Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinane 2-oxide hydrate.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Misik, Miroslav; Nersesyan, Armen; Kment, Michael; Ernst, Benjamin; Setayesh, Tahereh; Ferk, Franziska; Holzmann, Klaus; Krupitza, Georg; Knasmueller, Siegfried published the artcile< Micronucleus assays with the human derived liver cell line (Huh6): A promising approach to reduce the use of laboratory animals in genetic toxicology>, Reference of 6055-19-2, the main research area is micronucleus human liver cell line genetic toxicol; Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay; Genotoxicity; Huh6; In vitro assay; Micronucleus; Sensitivity; Specificity.

The inadequate representation of enzymes which catalyze the activation/detoxification of xenobiotics in cells that are currently used in genotoxicity testing of chems. leads to a high number of false pos. results and the number of follow up studies with rodents could be reduced by use of more reliable in vitro models. We found earlier that several xenobiotic drug metabolizing enzymes are represented in the human derived liver cell line Huh6 and developed a protocol for micronucleus (MN) experiments which is in agreement with the current OECD guideline. This protocol was used to test 23 genotoxic and non-genotoxic reference chems.; based on these results and of earlier findings (with 9 chems.) we calculated the predictive value of the assay for the detection of genotoxic carcinogens. We found a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 94% for a total number of 32 chems.; comparisons with results obtained with other in vitro assays show that the validity of MN tests with Huh6 is higher as that of other exptl. models. These results are promising and indicate that the use of Huh6 cells in genetic toxicol. may contribute to the reduction of the use of laboratory rodents; further exptl. work to confirm this assumption is warranted.

Food and Chemical Toxicology published new progress about Cytokinesis. 6055-19-2 belongs to class chlorides-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C7H17Cl2N2O3P, Reference of 6055-19-2.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Smart, Daniel J.; Helbling, Fabian R.; Verardo, Maelle; Huber, Alizee; McHugh, Damian; Vanscheeuwijck, Patrick published the artcile< Development of an integrated assay in human TK6 cells to permit comprehensive genotoxicity analysis in vitro>, Product Details of C7H17Cl2N2O3P, the main research area is TK6 cell line genotoxin genotoxicity single integrated assay; Chromosome damage; Genotoxicity assessment; Mode-of-action; Mutation.

In vitro genetic toxicol. assays are used to assess the genotoxic potential of chems. or mixtures They measure chromosome damage (e.g., micronucleus [MN] formation) or gene mutation, and different combinations of data generated from such assays are evaluated in concert in order to identify genotoxic hazards. Mode-of-action (MoA) information is also fundamental to understanding any apparent genotoxic response. In view of the importance of these types of data for full characterization of genotoxic potential, we leveraged relevant endpoints already established in the human TK6 cell line to develop a single integrated assay that measures MN formation, gene mutation (at the thymidine kinase locus), and MoA (DNA damage response biomarkers). Several prototypical direct-acting genotoxins (Me methanesulfonate, mitomycin C, and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide), pro-genotoxins (benzo[a]pyrene and cyclophosphamide monohydrate), and one non-DNA reactive genotoxin (vinblastine sulfate) were assessed in the approach and found to elicit genotoxic profiles that were generally consistent with their MoA. In contrast, the non-genotoxic agents D-mannitol and (2-chloroethyl) trimethyl-ammonium chloride induced negligible effects on all endpoints up to a top concentration of 10 mM. Sodium diclofenac, presumed to be non-genotoxic, provoked an induction in the phosphoserine10-H3-pos. cell population within a small window of concentrations (0.157-0.314 mM), as well as increases in γH2AX, nuclear p53, and MN at higher concentrations, although it had no effect on the mutation frequency endpoint. G2M cell cycle arrest was also largely observed in cells that exhibited genotoxicity in the in vitro MN assay. The TK6 cell-based integrated assay represents an in vitro approach that permits comprehensive genotoxicity anal. in a human-relevant test system. Moreover, its vis-a-vis nature may facilitate further comprehension of the range of effects that can manifest in human cells in response to DNA-damaging agents.

Mutation Research, Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis published new progress about Biomarkers. 6055-19-2 belongs to class chlorides-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C7H17Cl2N2O3P, Product Details of C7H17Cl2N2O3P.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhou, Fei; Zhang, Yanhua; Xu, Xiufang; Luo, Jingfeng; Yang, Fang; Wang, Linbo; Xie, Shuduo; Sun, Jihong; Yang, Xiaoming published the artcile< Establishment and characterization of three stable Basal/HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines derived from Chinese breast carcinoma with identical missense mutations in the DNA-binding domain of TP53>, Reference of 6055-19-2, the main research area is TP53 mutation HER2 prognosis breast cancer population; Basal/HER2-positive; Breast cancer cell lines; Epithelial cell; Invasive ductal breast carcinoma; STR.

Background: Basal/human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)2-pos. (HER2+) breast cancer is resistant to monoclonal antibody (herceptin) treatment. There are currently only three basal/HER2+ breast cancer cell lines available, but they are not from Chinese populations. Methods: Three immortalized cell lines (ZJU-0327, ZJU-0725, and ZJU-1127) were established from invasive ductal breast carcinoma tissue of two patients treated by surgical resection at our center. The cell lines were characterized in terms of histol., therapeutic response, and biomarker expression. Their tumorigenic potential was evaluated in an athymic nude (BALB/C nu) mouse xenograft model. Cell authentication testing by the techniques of short tandem repeat. Results: ZJU-0327, ZJU-0725, and ZJU-1127 cell lines were maintained for more than 110 passages in vitro. The cells grew as monolayers; showed typical epithelial morphol. and ultrastructure; were polyploid; had doubling times of 18, 57.5, and 18 h, resp.; had a near-tetraploid (ZJU-0327 and ZJU-1127) or aneuploid (ZJU-0725) karyotype with structural aberrations and tumor protein 53 mutation; insensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs and/or radiation; show high invasiveness and tumorigenicity in mice; and had no mycoplasma contamination. The cell lines were basal/HER2+, expressed cluster of differentiation, and were associated with poor prognosis. Cell authentication testing by the American Type Culture Collection confirmed the human origin of the cell lines, which did not match those in existing databases. Conclusions: The three novel basal/HER2+ breast cancer cell lines recapitulating the malignant characteristics of the parent tumor’s, and can be useful for clarifying the mol. pathogenesis of basal/HER2+ breast cancer.

Cancer Cell International published new progress about Animal gene Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), PRP (Properties), BIOL (Biological Study) (HER2). 6055-19-2 belongs to class chlorides-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C7H17Cl2N2O3P, Reference of 6055-19-2.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Lopez Zavala, Miguel Angel; Reynoso-Cuevas, Liliana published the artcile< Simultaneous extraction and determination of four different groups of pharmaceuticals in compost using optimized ultrasonic extraction and ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry>, Reference of 6055-19-2, the main research area is group pharmaceutical compost optimized ultrasonic ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatog; compost pharmaceuticals ultrasonic extraction USE UHPLC MS MS; Compost; Pharmaceuticals; UHPLC–MS/MS; Ultrasonic extraction (USE).

An anal. method for the simultaneous extraction and determination of four different groups of pharmaceuticals in compost from the biodegradation of biol. infectious hazardous wastes (BIHW) was developed and successfully validated. Compost samples were spiked with known concentrations of the pharmaceuticals of interest. Ultrasonic extraction with an Et acetate and methanol solution (1:1) resulted to be effective for the extraction of eight target compounds All the compounds were separated in a single gradient run by UHPLC using a Zorbax SB C18 Agilent (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 μm) column. Analytes were detected and quantified via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using an AB SCIEX API-5000TM triple quadrupole with electrospray ionization (ESI) in pos. mode. The optimum mobile phase consisted of ammonium formate (2 mM, pH 3): MeOH (50:50). Recovery values of the ultrasonic extraction for all compounds were on the order of 87% to 113% with absolute deviations lower than 11%. The limits of detection and quantification for the eight pharmaceuticals were on the order of 0.66 ng g-1 and 2 ng g-1 resp. for all the pharmaceuticals analyzed. These values are lower than those values reported in the literature. Suitable level of linearity, acceptable limits of detection and quantification, good repeatability and inter-day precision, non-ion interference, and low matrix effect resulted from the validation of the anal. method. Implementation of the anal. procedure proposed in this research will contribute in having shorter anal. time and lower costs when working with complex matrixes such as compost.

Journal of Chromatography A published new progress about Antibiotics. 6055-19-2 belongs to class chlorides-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C7H17Cl2N2O3P, Reference of 6055-19-2.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics