Category: 637-07-0

Rodrigues, Elsa T. published the artcileCell-based assays as an alternative for the study of aquatic toxicity of pharmaceuticals, Formula: C12H15ClO3, the publication is Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2020), 27(7), 7145-7155, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

An increasing number and amount of pharmaceuticals for human and veterinary use currently reach the aquatic environment, and the determination of their effects on aquatic organisms becomes of major importance. The 96-h fish lethal test is one of the conventional assays required for environmental hazardous assessment, but it is extremely time-consuming and costly, and it raises ethical concerns. In a broad study, we compared the ability of cell-based assays to detect, in absolute terms, lethal toxicity in fish due to pharmaceuticals in order to select sensitive cell lines to be posteriorly used as an alternative to fish testing. This study also explored the sensitivity of the rat cardiomyoblast H9c2(2-1) cell line and the suitability of the sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay regarding 15 pharmaceuticals belonging to 9 different therapeutic classes. The relation between in vivo and in vitro data was expressed as LC_50,96h/EC₅₀ ratios, and 66% of concordant data were attained. Accordingly, it was possible to conclude that cell-based assays could be considered a suitable alternative to fish lethal testing for pharmaceuticals, which, after validation, may dramatically reduce the number of fish required for environmental hazardous assessment. Several cell lines were selected as promising alternatives, but H9c2(2-1), HepG2, PLHC-1, and RTG-2 could be considered suitable starting cell types for further studies, as relevant results were obtained with low exposure times.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research published new progress about 637-07-0. 637-07-0 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Cell Cycle,PPAR, name is Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate, and the molecular formula is C12H15ClO3, Formula: C12H15ClO3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Frambach, Sanne J. C. M. published the artcileEffects of clofibrate and KH176 on life span and motor function in mitochondrial complex I-deficient mice, Computed Properties of 637-07-0, the publication is Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Molecular Basis of Disease (2020), 1866(6), 165727, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Mitochondrial complex I (CI), the first multiprotein enzyme complex of the OXPHOS system, executes a major role in cellular ATP generation. Consequently, dysfunction of this complex has been linked to inherited metabolic disorders, including Leigh disease (LD), an often fatal disease in early life. Development of clin. effective treatments for LD remains challenging due to the complex pathophysiol. nature. Treatment with the peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist bezafibrate improved disease phenotype in several mitochondrial disease mouse models mediated via enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid β-oxidation However, the therapeutic potential of this mixed PPAR (α, δ/β, γ) agonist is severely hampered by hepatotoxicity, which is possibly caused by activation of PPARγ. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of the PPARα-specific fibrate clofibrate in mitochondrial CI-deficient (Ndufs4^-/-) mice. Clofibrate increased lifespan and motor function of Ndufs4^-/- mice, while only marginal hepatotoxic effects were observed Due to the complex clin. and cellular phenotype of CI-deficiency, we also aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of clofibrate combined with the redox modulator KH176. As described previously, single treatment with KH176 was beneficial, however, combining clofibrate with KH176 did not result in an additive effect on disease phenotype in Ndufs4^-/- mice. Overall, both drugs have promising, but independent and nonadditive, properties for the pharmacol. treatment of CI-deficiency-related mitochondrial diseases.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Molecular Basis of Disease published new progress about 637-07-0. 637-07-0 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Cell Cycle,PPAR, name is Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate, and the molecular formula is C12H15ClO3, Computed Properties of 637-07-0.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Stergiopoulos, Chrysanthos published the artcileThe use of biomimetic chromatography to predict acute aquatic toxicity of pharmaceutical compounds, Application of Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate, the publication is Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry (2022), 104(1), 1-19, database is CAplus.

The potential of biomimetic chromatog. to predict ecotoxicol. endpoints of pharmaceutical compounds was investigated. For this purpose, a data set of previously and newly measured chromatog. retention data for 36 structurally diverse drugs was used. Standardized retention times were measured on the immobilized artificial membrane, human serum albumin, and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein stationary phases. As ecotoxicol. endpoints, half-maximal lethal concentration values of fish and half-maximal effective concentration (immobilization) values of a water flea (Daphnia magna spp.) determined with a two-day static method were considered. Ecotoxicity values correlated with octanol-water partitioning and the pos. charge of compounds contributed even more to the toxicity. Models based on membrane partition exhibited the best statistics and predictive performance, attributed to lipophilicity and membrane electrostatic interactions. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein binding led to satisfactory models, owing to its function as a binder of neutral and basic lipophilic compounds Albumin binding, however, did not result in sound models, as it is governed by lipophilicity and the neg. charge of compounds, contrary to the mechanism of toxicity. Both membrane and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein models were superior statistically from those derived from the octanol-water system. Overall, membrane and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein retention can be suggested as promising indexes to assess the ecotoxicol. risk of drugs.

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry published new progress about 637-07-0. 637-07-0 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Cell Cycle,PPAR, name is Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H5BClNO2, Application of Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sharapova, T. published the artcileReduced hepatic global hydroxymethylation in mice treated with non-genotoxic carcinogens is transiently reversible with a methyl supplemented diet, Related Products of chlorides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (2021), 115439, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Non-genotoxic carcinogens (NGCs) are known to cause perturbations in DNA methylation, which can be an early event leading to changes in gene expression and the onset of carcinogenicity. Phenobarbital (PB) has been shown to alter liver DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation patterns in mice in a time dependent manner. The goals of this study were to assess if clofibrate (CFB), a well-studied rodent NGC, would produce epigenetic changes in mice similar to PB, and if a Me donor supplementation (MDS) would modulate epigenetic and gene expression changes induced by phenobarbital. CByB6F1 mice were treated with 0.5% clofibrate or 0.14% phenobarbital for 7 and 28 days. A subgroup of PB treated and control mice were also fed MDS diet. Liquid Chromatog.-Ionization Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to quantify global liver 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) levels. Gene expression anal. was conducted using Affymetrix microarrays. A decrease in liver 5hmC but not 5mC levels was observed upon treatment with both CFB and PB with varying time of onset. We observed moderate increases in 5hmC levels in PB-treated mice when exposed to MDS diet and lower expression levels of several phenobarbital induced genes involved in cell proliferation, growth, and invasion, suggesting an early modulating effect of Me donor supplementation. Overall, epigenetic profiling can aid in identifying early mechanism-based biomarkers of non-genotoxic carcinogenicity and increases the quality of cancer risk assessment for candidate drugs. Global DNA methylation assessment by LC-MS is an informative first step toward understanding the risk of carcinogenicity.

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology published new progress about 637-07-0. 637-07-0 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Cell Cycle,PPAR, name is Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate, and the molecular formula is C4H7BN2O2, Related Products of chlorides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Shigano, Miyuki published the artcileThe effect of aging on the repeated-dose liver micronucleus assay, SDS of cas: 637-07-0, the publication is Genes and Environment (2021), 43(1), 37, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Abstract: Background: The liver micronucleus (MN) assay is an effective and important in vivo test for detecting genotoxic compounds In particular, the repeated-dose liver MN (RDLMN) assay which greatly facilitates incorporation of the liver MN assay into the general toxicity study has been developed. Usefulness of the RDLMN assay was appraised highly in the 7th International Workshops on Genotoxicity Testing (2017 in Tokyo) in that sufficient numbers and types of chems. were studied and easy integration into the general toxicity study is preferred from the 3Rs point of view. However, it was pointed out that it is necessary to evaluate the effect of age at the start of 4-wk repeated administration, since there are limited data, where only those of rats of 6 wk of age at the start of administration are available. In this study, we conducted the 4-wk RDLMN assay using rats of 6 and 8 wk of age (at the start of administration) to investigate the effect of age on the liver MN inducibility. Clofibrate, a weak inducer of liver MN, was used in this study to detect the slight difference in the liver MN induction. Results: The liver MN induced by clofibrate was detected in both rats of 6 and 8 wk of age at the start of administration. However, the liver MN induction was lower in rats of 8 wk of age compared to rats of 6 wk of age at the start of administration. Conclusion: These results suggest that the liver MN inducibility decreases with age. Therefore, we recommend the use of rats of 6 wk of age at start of administration to reliably detect the liver MN induction in the RDLMN assay.

Genes and Environment published new progress about 637-07-0. 637-07-0 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Cell Cycle,PPAR, name is Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate, and the molecular formula is C12H17NS2, SDS of cas: 637-07-0.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Arai, Junya published the artcileChemoprevention for Colorectal Cancers: Are Chemopreventive Effects Different Between Left and Right Sided Colorectal Cancers?, Application In Synthesis of 637-07-0, the publication is Digestive Diseases and Sciences, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Recent studies have suggested that right- and left-sided colorectal cancers (CRCs) are molecularly distinct. In this study, we examined the association between the risk of right- and left-sided CRC and drug use to estimate their chemopreventive effects .This multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted using the data of hospitalized patients between 2014 and 2019 from nine hospital databases. The primary outcomes were right- and left-sided CRC. We evaluated the association of CRCs with drug use and clin. factors. Odds ratios adjusted for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index scores, and smoking status were calculated We also compared the transcriptional profiling in precancerous lesions, including sessile serrated lesions (SSLs). A total of 307,938 patients, including 2745 with right-sided CRC and 4819 with left-sided CRC, were analyzed. The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and steroids was associated with a lower risk of both right- and left-sided CRCs. In contrast, statins, other lipid-lowering agents, and metformin were associated with a lower risk of left-sided CRC. Transcriptomic anal. showed that SSL, which predominantly develops in the right colon, was associated with a lower expression of lipid metabolism-related genes. Targeting lipid metabolism may be useful for chemoprevention of left-sided CRCs, while development of right-sided CRCs may be independent of this pathway.

Digestive Diseases and Sciences published new progress about 637-07-0. 637-07-0 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Cell Cycle,PPAR, name is Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate, and the molecular formula is C12H15ClO3, Application In Synthesis of 637-07-0.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Munteanu, Charissa published the artcilePd- and Ni-Based Systems for the Catalytic Borylation of Aryl (Pseudo)halides with B₂(OH)₄, COA of Formula: C12H15ClO3, the publication is Journal of Organic Chemistry (2020), 85(16), 10334-10349, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Despite recent advancements in metal-catalyzed borylations of aryl (pseudo)halides, there is a continuing need to develop robust methods to access both early-stage and late-stage organoboron intermediates amendable for further functionalization. In particular, the development of general catalytic systems that operate under mild reaction conditions across a broad range of electrophilic partners remains elusive. Herein, it is reported the development and application of three catalytic systems (two Pd-based and one Ni-based) for the direct borylation of aryl (pseudo)halides using tetrahydroxydiboron (B₂(OH)₄). For the Pd-based catalyst systems, it was identified general reaction conditions that allow for the sequestration of halide ions through simple precipitation that results in catalyst loadings as low as 0.01 mol % (100 ppm) and reaction temperatures as low as room temperature It is also described a complementary Ni-based catalyst system that employs simple unligated Ni(II) salts as an inexpensive alternative to the Pd-based systems for the borylation of aryl (pseudo)halides. Extrapolation of all three systems to a one-pot tandem borylation/Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling is also demonstrated on advanced intermediates and drug substances.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about 637-07-0. 637-07-0 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Cell Cycle,PPAR, name is Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate, and the molecular formula is C12H15ClO3, COA of Formula: C12H15ClO3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Timmers, Peer H. A. published the artcileImproved drinking water quality after adding advanced oxidation for organic micropollutant removal to pretreatment of river water undergoing dune infiltration near The Hague, Netherlands, SDS of cas: 637-07-0, the publication is Journal of Hazardous Materials (2022), 128346, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Introduction of AOP decreased the number and concentration of OMP that were introduced during MARR, which decreased the risk of neg. impacts on ecol. and groundwater. The many uncertainties, such as seasonal and annual fluctuations of the intake water and in the infltration ponds, made it diffcult to determine if factors were directly affected by the AOP introduction. However, AOP did increase the amount of easily biol. degradable compounds, but these were diluted with non-AOP treated infltration water and degraded during transport to the dunes, making the effects on MARR negligible. Several OMP that were not removed during AOP, were removed during MARR. The overall OMP concentrations in resulting drinking water therefore decreased after introduction of AOP, without showing a measurable neg. effect on other water quality parameters.

Journal of Hazardous Materials published new progress about 637-07-0. 637-07-0 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Cell Cycle,PPAR, name is Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate, and the molecular formula is C16H12N2O2, SDS of cas: 637-07-0.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sharma, Shivani published the artcileA review on characteristics and analytical methods of pitavastatin: a potent statin drug, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate, the publication is World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (2021), 10(5), 1761-1772, database is CAplus.

A review. The distinctive solutions are utilized within the treatment of hyperlipidemia join the fibric corrosive subordinates such as clofibrate, fenofibrate; bile corrosive sequestrants e.g. colestipol; cholesterol retention inhibitors e.g. ezetimibe; HMG CoA reductase inhibitors e.g. lovastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin and pitavastatin. Pitavastatin is novel medicate utilized within the treatment of hyperlipidemia. It must be given in single or in mixture with distinctive antihyperlipidemic specialists. Pitavastatin may be a exceptionally strong specialist called HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, or ”quot;statins.” Pitavastatin lower the levels of low-d. lipoprotein, or LDL and triglycerides within the blood, whereas expanding levels of high-d. lipoprotein, or HDL. An colossal number of techniques counting Tall Execution Fluid chromatog. (HPLC), UV-Visible spectroscopy are utilized for the assurance pitavastatin. There are different explanatory strategies utilized for sedate examination and these strategies have been approved agreeing to ICH rules (Q1A R2). Hence, this procedure can be securely utilized for standard pitavastatin quality control tests.

World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences published new progress about 637-07-0. 637-07-0 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Cell Cycle,PPAR, name is Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate, and the molecular formula is C14H10O4, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Vazquez, Alexei published the artcileIdentification of putative calorie restriction mimetics using mammalian gene expression profiles, COA of Formula: C12H15ClO3, the publication is Open Biology (2020), 10(9), 200158, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. In theory, the obesity problem could be solved by the adherence to a calorie-restricted diet, but that is not generally achieved in practice. An alternative is a pharmacol. approach, using compounds that trigger the same metabolic changes associated with calorie restriction. Here, I expand in the pharmacol. direction by identifying compounds that induce liver gene signature profiles that mimic those induced by calorie restriction. Using gene expression profiles from mice and rat, I identify corticosteroids, PPAR agonists and some antibacterial/antifungal as candidate compounds mimicking the response to calorie restriction in the liver gene signatures.

Open Biology published new progress about 637-07-0. 637-07-0 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Cell Cycle,PPAR, name is Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate, and the molecular formula is C25H47NO8, COA of Formula: C12H15ClO3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics