Category: 75-57-0

Mechanistic insight into the roles of anions and cations in the degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) catalyzed by ionic liquids was written by Ju, Zhaoyang;Zhou, Lei;Lu, Xingmei;Li, Yao;Yao, Xiaoqian;Cheng, Shenyu;Chen, Gangwei;Ge, Chengsheng. And the article was included in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics in 2021.Formula: C4H12ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Ionic liquids (ILs) have shown high catalytic activity in the degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), but the effects of the anions and cations, as well as the mechanism, remain ambiguous. Glycolysis is an important recycling method that converts waste PET into monomers through various chem. reactions. To reveal the role of ILs and the mol. mechanism of the glycolysis of PET, d. functional theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out for the possible pathways for the generation of bis(hydroxyethyl)terephthalate (BHET) catalyzed by isolated anions/cations and ion pairs at different sites. The pathway with the lowest barrier for the glycolysis of PET is the cleavage of the C-O ester bond, which generates the BHET monomer. The synergistic effects of the cations and anions play a critical role in the glycolysis of PET. The cations mainly attack the carbonyl oxygen of PET to catalyze the reaction, and the anions mainly form strong H-bonds with PET and ethylene glycol (EG). In terms of the mechanism, the H-bonds render the hydroxyl oxygen of EG more electroneg. The cation coordinates the carbonyl oxygen of the ester, and the hydroxyl oxygen of EG attacks the ester group carbon of PET, with proton transfer to the carbonyl oxygen. A four-membered-ring transition state would be formed by PET, EG, and the IL catalyst, which regularly accelerates the degradation of PET. These results provide fundamental help in understanding the roles of ILs and the mechanism of IL-catalyzed PET degradation This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Formula: C4H12ClN).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Formula: C4H12ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Development and optimization of ionic liquid-based emulsion liquid membrane process for efficient recovery of lactic acid from aqueous streams was written by Khan, Huma Warsi;Reddy, Ambavaram Vijaya Bhaskar;Bustam, Mohamad Azmi;Goto, Masahiro;Moniruzzaman, Muhammad. And the article was included in Biochemical Engineering Journal in 2021.Computed Properties of C4H12ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Development of ionic liquid-based emulsion membranes (ILEMs) has emerged as potential alternatives to organic solvent-based emulsion membranes for the extraction and recovery of biol. active compounds from aqueous streams. Hence, present study aims to develop novel ILEMs for the removal of bioactive lactic acid (LA) from aqueous streams using 100% vegetable oil as diluent. A series of ILEMs were prepared using three different ionic liquids (ILs) namely tetramethylammonium chloride [TMAm][Cl], tetramethylammonium acetate [TMAm][Ac] and tributylmethylammonium chloride [TBMAm][Cl] as a carrier. Besides, olive oil used as diluent, NaOH used as stripping agent, Tween 80 and Span 20 were employed as emulsifier in ILEMs preparation The visual static stability of ILEMs was observed and the ILEM extraction efficiency was fully optimized in terms of various process parameters. The results showed that short-chain acetate based quaternary ammonium IL [TMAm][Ac] provided greater efficiency compared to chloride based ILs [TMAm][Cl] and [TBMAm][Cl]. A maximum of 94.50% LA removal was obtained with [TMAm][Ac] at optimized conditions of 0.05 M LA, 1.0 weight% Span 20, 0.3 M NaOH, 0.3 weight% [TMAm][Ac], 0.3 ratio of internal phase to diluent phase and 3:1 treat ratio (ratio of external phase to membrane phase) at a stirring speed of 250 rpm for 25 min. The emulsion was found stable for 134 min at the optimized conditions. Overall, this newly developed ILEM could be effectively used for the LA removal and other bioactive compounds from aqueous streams. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Computed Properties of C4H12ClN).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Computed Properties of C4H12ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis, structure, and electrochemical properties of [LNi(R_f)(C₄F₈)]^– and [LNi(R_f)₃]^– complexes was written by Shreiber, Scott T.;Amin, Fatema;Schafer, Sascha A.;Cramer, Roger E.;Klein, Axel;Vicic, David A.. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2022.Quality Control of Tetramethylammonium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The new anionic nickelate complexes [(MeCN)Ni(C₄F₈)(CF₃)]^–, [(MeCN)Ni(C₄F₈)(C₂F₅)]^–, [(IMes)Ni(C₄F₈)(CF₃)]^–, [(IMes)Ni(CF₃)₃]^– (IMes = 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene), and [(F-NHC)Ni(R_f)₃]^– (F-NHC = 1,3-bis(2,4-F₂Ph), 2,4,6-F₃Ph- or 3,4,5-F₃Ph)imidazol-2-ylidene; (R_f = CF₃ or C₂F₅) were synthesized and structurally characterized. The electrochem. properties of all new compounds were revealed by cyclic voltammetry studies and compared to the known CF₃ analog [(MeCN)Ni(CF₃)₃]^–. The IMes-coordinated complexes exhibited initial oxidation events that were well-separated from a second oxidation process in the cyclic voltammograms. The complexes containing F-substituted NHC ligands [(F-NHC)Ni(CF₃)₃]^– are structurally quite similar to the IMes derivative and reveal also two separated oxidation waves in their cyclic voltammograms. The absolute potentials as well as the separation between the two waves vary with the substitution pattern, suggesting that the NHC ligand environment (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) is an interesting platform for the development of new redox-triggered reactions that release trifluoromethyl and perfluoroalkyl radicals upon oxidation This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Quality Control of Tetramethylammonium chloride).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Quality Control of Tetramethylammonium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Self-assembled core-shell clusters in deep eutectic solvents based on tetra-n-alkylammonium cations for high dissolution of strongly hydrogen-bonded small molecules was written by Jia, Jianhui;Chen, Jian-Bo;Du, Jianglong;Lian, Cheng;Xu, Silong;Liu, Honglai;Li, Shichun;Liu, Yu. And the article was included in Journal of Colloid and Interface Science in 2022.Name: Tetramethylammonium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Strongly hydrogen-bonded compounds such as 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB, an important insensitive high explosive) have excellent stability, but poor solubilities to limit their recrystallization, purification and recycling. In this study, core-shell clusters based on sym. tetra-n-alkylammonium [TTA]⁺ are designed to provide an inner cavity to incorporate TATB, and thus the clusters can sep. TATB from original hydrogen-bonded networks to increase largely the solubility Based on this design, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on [TTA]⁺ cations are first developed to yield self-assembled core-shell clusters for solubilizing TATB. Ninety-nine DESs based on [TTA]⁺ were prepared by combining with halide ions and hydrogen bond donors, and TATB’s solubility increases with the formation of core-shell clusters. Tetra-Bu ammonium ([TBA]⁺)-based DES (CS-1) displays excellent dissolution toward TATB. Room-temperature solubility of TATB in CS-1 with 32.88 mg/mL is about 10 times higher than recently reported ionic liquids and approx. 470 times higher than DMSO. Compared to traditional solvents, CS-1 shows economical and high dissolution ability toward TATB. The dissolution mechanism is demonstrated by exptl. characterizations and theor. calculations After forming Zundel-type complexes between TATB and F^–, the complexes as the core are surrounded by [TBA]⁺ as the shell to yield core-shell clusters through self-assembly of electrostatic interaction. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Name: Tetramethylammonium chloride).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Name: Tetramethylammonium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Thermodynamic Solution Properties of a Biodegradable Chelant (L-glutamic-N,N-diacetic Acid, L-GLDA) and Its Sequestering Ability toward Cd2+ was written by Bretti, Clemente;Di Pietro, Roberto;Cardiano, Paola;Gomez-Laserna, Olivia;Irto, Anna;Lando, Gabriele;De Stefano, Concetta. And the article was included in Molecules in 2021.Related Products of 75-57-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The thermodn. of the interaction of L-glutamic-N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) with protons was studied potentiometrically at different temperatures, ionic strengths and ionic media. Four protonation constants and corresponding enthalpy changes occurred at infinite dilution together with temperature and ionic strength coefficients The medium effect was also interpreted in terms of the formation of weak complexes between the ligand and the cations of supporting electrolytes, resulting in a greater tendency of GLDA to chem. interact with Na⁺ rather than K⁺ and, in turn, (CH₃)₄N⁺. Formation constants of GLDA with Cd²⁺ were determined in NaCl(aq) at different ionic strength values. Five complex species were found, namely CdL^2-, CdHL^–, Cd₂L⁰(aq), Cd₂L⁰(aq), and Cd(OH)L^3-, whose formation constant values at infinite dilution were log β = 12.68, 17.61, 20.76, 17.52, and 1.77, resp. All the species results were relevant in the pH range of natural waters, although the Cd₂L⁰(aq) was observed only for C_Cd ≥ C_GLDA and concentrations of >0.1 mmol dm^-3. The sequestering ability of GLDA toward Cd²⁺, evaluated by means of pL₀.₅, was maximum at pH 10, whereas the presence of a chloride containing a supporting electrolyte exerted a neg. effect. Among new generation biodegradable ligands, GLDA was the most efficient in Cd²⁺ sequestration. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Related Products of 75-57-0).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Related Products of 75-57-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A comparison study on the performance between Tetrametylammonium chloride and PolyvinylPyrrolidone as drilling mud additives for gas hydrates was written by Yuha, Yasmine Binti Md;Lal, Bhajan;Bavoh, Cornelius Borecho;Keong, Lau Kok. And the article was included in Materials Today: Proceedings in 2021.COA of Formula: C4H12ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The utilization of ionic liquids as additives in mud system to improve the rheol. properties for drilling hydrate sediments has received much attention recently. However, their performance needs to be compared with com. inhibitors to effectively enhance their replacement process. Therefore, in this work, the effect of one of the best reports ionic liquid, Tetrametylammonium chloride (TMACl) was used for hydrate management in the drilling process and was compared with PolyvinylPyrrolidone (PVP -a com. hydrate additive). The experiments were achieved by formulating drilling fluid with the compositions of freshwater, 3.0 wt% NaCl, 3.0 wt% KCl and 0.8 wt% Xanthan Gum and 1 wt% of TMACl/PVP, and verifying the rheol., physiochem., and hydrate inhibition properties of the mud system prepared A kinetic hydrate reactor is used to examine the hydrate inhibition properties at 8 MPa and -2°C and a TA instrument rheometer DHR1 was used to study the rheol. properties of the mud systems prepared The results showed that TMACl stabilized drilling mud thermal degradation by 400%, which PVP doubles the thermal degradation rate of drilling mud. In addition, TMACl could provide suitable shear thinning behavior than PVP. Though the effect of both PVP and TMACl on the CH₄ hydrate formed is within the same range, PVP delayed the time taken for hydrate formation by 25% from TMACl. Therefore, the findings in this study provided guidelines and information to the successful application and replacement of conventional hydrate inhibitions with ionic liquids This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0COA of Formula: C4H12ClN).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.COA of Formula: C4H12ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of LCFeCr Alloy Additions on the Non-metallic Inclusion Characteristics in Ti-Containing Ferritic Stainless Steel was written by Wang, Yong;Oh, Min Kyo;Kim, Tae Sung;Karasev, Andrey;Mu, Wangzhong;Park, Joo Hyun;Joensson, Paer G.. And the article was included in Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B in 2021.Synthetic Route of C4H12ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The influence of com. low carbon ferrochromium (LCFeCr) additions on the inclusion characteristics in Ti-containing ferritic stainless steel was studied by laboratory experiment in this work. The inclusions in steel before and after the FeCr alloy additions were investigated through systematic samplings and microscopy investigations of the liquid steel. Different types of inclusions in the FeCr alloy and steel were detected and the evolution of the inclusion characteristics (e.g., composition, size, morphol., and number d.) were investigated. The results showed that the Ti content decreased after the FeCr alloy additions Furthermore, MnCr₂O₄ spinel inclusions originating from the FeCr alloys transformed into Ti₂O₃-Cr₂O₃-based liquid inclusions and Ti₂O₃-rich solid inclusions. They were formed due to the reactions between MnCr₂O₄ and TiN inclusions or dissolved Ti in molten steel. The ratio of Ti/Al in the steel melt has a direct influence on the evolution of inclusions from thermodn. calculations The addition of FeCr alloys caused an increased number d. of these Ti₂O₃-containing inclusions and TiN inclusions up to 8 min from the time of alloy addition The increased Cr content from 16 to 24 mass pct due to the FeCr additions can increase the critical N content to form TiN inclusions at a specific Ti content. Overall, this study has contributed to the understanding the behavior of inclusions from LCFeCr alloy during the alloying process in Ti-containing steel. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Synthetic Route of C4H12ClN).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Synthetic Route of C4H12ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Metal Coordination Properties of a Chromophoric Desferrioxamine (DFO) Derivative: Insight on the Coordination Stoichiometry and Thermodynamic Stability of Zr⁴⁺ Complexes was written by Savastano, Matteo;Boscaro, Francesca;Bianchi, Antonio. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Computed Properties of C4H12ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Desferrioxamine (DFO) is the current “gold standard” chelator for ⁸⁹Zr⁴⁺, which is used to label monoclonal antibodies for applications in immunopositron emission tomog. Recently, controversial data have been reported regarding the speciation and the stability of the complexes formed by DFO with Zr⁴⁺ in solution To shed some light on this point, we studied the coordination properties in solution ofa chromophoric DFO derivative bearing a substituted pyrimidine residue (DFO-Pm) toward several metal ions (Zr⁴⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺). Potentiometric titrations showed that DFO-Pm and pristine DFO form complexes with very similar stoichiometry and stability. DFO-Pm, which can consequently be taken as a model system for DFO, provides a photochem. response to metal coordination that can be used to further define the complexes formed. In the critical case of Zr⁴⁺, spectrophotometric measurements allowed the verification of the formation of 1:1 and 2:3 complexes that, together with 2:2 complexes form the coordination model that was obtained through the use of our potentiometric measurements. Addnl., mass spectrometry measurements verified the formation of 1:1 and 2:3 complexes and showed that 1:2 species can be easily generated through the fragmentation of the 2:3 species. In conclusion, the results obtained with DFO-Pm validate the complexation model of Zr⁴⁺/DFO composed of 1:1, 2:2, and 2:3 metal-to-ligand complexes. Convergences and conflicts with other works are addressed. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Computed Properties of C4H12ClN).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Computed Properties of C4H12ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of eicosapentaenoic acid extraction from Nannochloropsis oceanica using tetramethyl ammonium chloride and microwave irradiation was written by Motlagh, Shiva Rezaei;Khezri, Ramin;Harun, Razif;Awang Biak, Dayang Radiah;Hussain, Siti Aslina;Chee, Ching Yern;Kheawhom, Soorathep. And the article was included in PLoS One in 2022.Formula: C4H12ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Microalgae have garnered widespread attention as a sustainable source of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. As for extracting lipids from microalgae, the combination of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ionic liquids (IL) is shown to be promising. However, such an undertaking usually requires a large consumption of expensive ILs. This study innovatively employs tetra-Me ammonium chloride ([TMAm][Cl]) as an additive in water medium to associate with microwave-assisted ionic liquid extraction (MAILE) in extracting lipids from Nannochloropsis oceanica (N. oceanica) microalgae. In extraction, knowledge of reaction kinetics is crucial since it provides the foundation for developing, controlling, and improving the processes of extraction Herein, using MAILE, lipids are extracted from N. oceanica microalgae and transesterified to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Mass transfer kinetics are, therefore, investigated using the first and second-order rate law and Patricelli’s model. In the development of models, the influence of temperature (60-90°C) and reaction time (1-25 min) on EPA extraction is empirically evaluated. From the thermodn. study, the pos. values of ΔS (+0.10 kJ mol^-1K^-1) and ΔH (+32.50 kJ mol^-1) and the neg. value of ΔG (-1.68 to -4.75 kJ mol^-1) confirm that this process is endothermic in nature, irreversible and spontaneous. MAILE proves to be a promising approach for the extraction of high-quality EPAs. Due to its low cost, rapid operation, and environmental friendliness, it is seen to be suitable for both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Formula: C4H12ClN).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Formula: C4H12ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Role of ranitidine in N-nitrosodimethylamine formation during chloramination of competing micropollutants was written by Seid, Mingizem Gashaw;Chung, Jaeshik;Choe, Jaewan;Cho, Kangwoo;Hong, Seok Won. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2021.Application In Synthesis of Tetramethylammonium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Ranitidine (RNT) is a widely known precursor of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) as evinced by the self-catalytic formation of NDMA during chloramination. In the present study, the NDMA formation potentials (NDMA-FP) of 26 micropollutants were assessed, particularly when mixed with RNT. 11 compounds were identified as individual precursors, including trimebutine and cimetidine, which exhibited substantial NDMA-FP, with up to 10% molar yield. In addition, nitrosamines, other than NDMA, namely N-nitrosodiethylamine and N-nitrosomethylamine, were observed from diethylamine-containing precursors, such as metoclopramide. In a 1:1 mixture of RNT and a competitor, the change in NDMA-FP was mostly comparable (within 20% deviation), while antagonistic interactions were observed for competitors, such as diethylhydroxylamine. The scattered overall NDMA-FP should be considered as a product of competition among the precursors for core substrates and intermediates for NDMA formation. The co-existence of either trimebutine or metoclopramide with RNT led to an exceptionally synergetic NDMA generation. Degradation kinetics and chlorination/nitrosation experiments combined with mass spectroscopy analyses indicated that RNT would accelerate both the initial chlorination and nitrosation of trimebutine and metoclopramide, leading to N-nitroso complexes, which have well-understood NDMA formation pathways, i.e., amination with subsequent aminyl radical generation. This work demonstrates a wide array of precursors with NDMA-FP, suggesting that nitrosamine formation is potentially underestimated in field environments. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Application In Synthesis of Tetramethylammonium chloride).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Application In Synthesis of Tetramethylammonium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics