Category: 75-57-0

COSMO-RS prediction and experimental verification of deep eutectic solvents for water insoluble pesticides with high solubility was written by Wang, Juan;Guo, Yangyang;Liu, Fengmao;Zhang, Xianzhao;Wang, Wenzhuo;Peng, Qingrong. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2022.Reference of 75-57-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The solubility of 9 water-insoluble pesticide active ingredients (PAIs) was predicted in 133 deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on 7 hydrogen bond acceptors and 19 hydrogen bond donors, using a COSMO-RS model. 13 DESs with superior solubility of water-insoluble PAIs were screened out and verified with experiments The actual measurement results agree well with the forecasting results. When compared with the solubility in pure water, some PAIs can even be mutually dissolvable with tetraethylammonium chloride: decanoic acid (1:2), tetrabutylammonium chloride: decanoic acid (1:3), and tetrabutylammonium chloride: phenol (1:5), such as butachlor, acetochlor, and metolachlor. FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra suggested that hydrogen bonding between DESs and PAIs mols. played a crucial role in solvation. Crucially, the study indicated that its feasible to replace toxic organic solvents with DESs in emulsifiable concentrates formulations. The effects of different concentrations of tetraethylammonium chloride: decanoic acid (1:2) on the growth of wheat seedlings were also explored. The results showed that it did not affect the germination rate of wheat seeds, but with the increase of concentration, the growth indexes such as the lengths of shoots and roots grew shorter, the fresh weight of aboveground and underground decreased. This study provides COSMO-RS as a valuable and reliable tool to screen DESs, and highlights that DESs can be an alternative to replace toxic and harmful organic solvents in emulsifiable concentrates (EC), which provide ideas and a basis for designing new green pesticide formulations. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Reference of 75-57-0).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Reference of 75-57-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Separating boundary potential changes at thin solid contact ion transfer voltammetric membrane electrodes was written by Mao, Canwei;Yuan, Dajing;Wang, Lu;Bakker, Eric. And the article was included in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry in 2021.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Thin ion-selective membrane films deposited on solid electrode substrate are useful tools to study ion transfer processes. This is because the exptl. conditions may be chosen such that diffusion processes within the membrane and contacting aqueous solution are not rate limiting. In an ideal case, therefore, equilibrium considerations may be used to describe the resulting ion transfer voltammograms. For example, the electrochem. oxidation of an elec. neutral redox mol. in the membrane results in a cationic oxidized form. To preserve electroneutrality, a cation is transferred out of the membrane into solution, freeing the cation-exchanger of the membrane to become the counterion of the oxidized redox mol. This work describes a model system that agrees well with thermodn. theory, using the lipophilic (1-dodecyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ferrocene as redox mol. and a monovalent reference cation for ion transfer. The full peak width at half maximum was found as 0.110 V, in agreement with theory, and with peak current proportional to scan rate supporting thin layer behavior. The charge passed during the voltammetric scan was related to ion-exchanger concentration available for ion extraction as a function of potential. Subtraction of the ion transfer potential using the reference ion from the exptl. one for each charge increment gave the potential change for the electrochem. ion-to-electron transducer. In one application, the potential change of the polymeric transducing layer poly(3-octylthiophene) (POT) film upon electrochem. oxidation within the membrane was characterized. A nonlinear potential-charge curve was observed, in contrast to earlier assumptions. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Morphological tuning of membrane processing by temporal proton-metal cation substitution in perfluorosulfonic acid membranes was written by Vetter, Kim-Marie;Reichbauer, Thomas;Martic, Nemanja;Reinisch, David;Hinrichsen, Olaf;Schmid, Guenter. And the article was included in Electrochimica Acta in 2020.Computed Properties of C4H12ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The authors studied how the exchange of the countercation in perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes influences 1st their processability and secondly their electrochem. performance in H₂O electrolysis. Cation-exchanged membranes were prepared (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺, Ca²⁺, tetra-Me ammonium [TMA⁺], tetra-Bu ammonium [TBA⁺]) and their glass transition temperatures (T_g) were assessed by dynamic mech. anal. (DMA). A good correlation between the found T_g values and the processability of the membranes was found, imitating an industrial membrane electrode assembly (MEA) fabrication process. Li⁺, TBA⁺ and Zn²⁺ MEAs were electrochem. characterized in H₂O electrolysis. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) polarization studies were performed to study initial effects of ion exchange based on the binding energies of the resp. metal cation incorporated into the membrane. Impedance spectroscopy was used to measure membrane resistances during H₂O electrolysis. Potentiostatic and galvanostatic experiments were employed to differentiate between initial and permanent effects, the latter arising from stable structural arrangements of the polymer side chains. In-situ potential-driven substitution (PDS) of the metal ions by protons is quant. for Li⁺. At 1.5 A/cm² the rate of PDS was 0.2 mmol/cm² per min. However, morphol. changes in the membrane remained, opening the possibility for morphol. tuning of membrane fabrication by temporal proton-metal cation substitution. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Computed Properties of C4H12ClN).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Computed Properties of C4H12ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Syntheses, Molecular Structures, and Countercation-Induced Structural Transformation of Monomeric α-Keggin-Type Polyoxotungstate-Coordinated Mono- and Dipalladium(II) Complexes was written by Kato, Chika Nozaki;Nakahira, Ippo;Kasai, Ryota;Mori, Shigeki. And the article was included in European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry in 2021.Recommanded Product: Tetramethylammonium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Monomeric α-Keggin-type polyoxotungstate-coordinated mono- and di-palladium(II) complexes, i. e., Cs₅[α-PW₁₁O₃₉{Pd^II(Me₂ppz)}]·5H₂O (Cs-1) (Me₂ppz = N,N’-dimethylpiperazine), [(CH₃)₄N]₄H[α-PW₁₁O₃₉{Pd^II(Me₂ppz)}]·8H₂O (TMA-1), and Cs_2.5H_0.5[α-PW₁₁O₃₉{Pd^II(en)}₂]·7H₂O (en = ethylenediamine) (Cs-2), were synthesized by 1 : 1 or 1 : 2 stoichiometric reactions of mono-lacunary α-Keggin polyoxotungstate [α-PW₁₁O₃₉]^7- with PdCl₂(Me₂ppz) and PdCl₂(en) in aqueous solution Subsequent purification from water afforded these compounds as anal. pure homogeneous yellow precipitates Single-crystal x-ray structural anal. of Cs-1 revealed that a palladium(II) moiety, i. e., [Pd(Me₂ppz)]²⁺, was coordinated to two oxygen atoms in the mono-vacant site of [PW₁₁O₃₉]^7- with an asym. configuration, resulting in an overall C₁ symmetry. With regard to the crystal structure of Cs-2, two palladium species of the [Pd(en)]²⁺ type were coordinated to two oxygen atoms in the mono-vacant site with sym. configuration, resulting in an overall C_s symmetry. A unique structural transformation of the mono-lacunary α-Keggin structure of Cs-1 to the di-lacunary γ-Keggin polyoxotungstate Cs₇[γ-PW₁₀O₃₆] was observed upon the addition of cesium chloride. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Recommanded Product: Tetramethylammonium chloride).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Recommanded Product: Tetramethylammonium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Modulation of the optical bandgap and photoluminescence quantum yield in pnictogen (Sb³⁺/Bi³⁺)-doped organic-inorganic tin(IV) perovskite single crystals and nanocrystals was written by Ba, Qiankai;Kim, Junu;Im, Hyunsik;Lin, Shenghuang;Jana, Atanu. And the article was included in Journal of Colloid and Interface Science in 2022.Product Details of 75-57-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Water-stable, lead-free zero-dimensional (0D) organic-inorganic hybrid colloidal tin(IV) perovskite, A₂SnX₆ (A is a monocationic organic ion and X is a halide) nanocrystals (NCs) with high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) have rarely been explored. Herein, we report solution-processed colloidal NCs of blue light-emitting T₂SnCl₆ and orange light-emitting T₂Sn_1-xSb_xCl₆ [T+ = tetramethylammonium cation] from their corresponding single crystals (SCs). These colloidal NCs are well-dispersible in non-polar solvents, thereby maintaining their bright emission. This paves the way for fabricating homogeneous thin films of these NCs. Due to organic cation (T⁺)-controlled large spin-orbit coupling (SOC), the T₂Sn_1-xSb_xCl₆ NCs exhibit bright orange emission with an enhancement in PL QY of 41% compared to their bulk counterpart. Furthermore, we explore T₂Sn_1-xBi_xCl₆ and T₂Sn_1-x-yBi_xSb_yCl6 SCs, which show blue and green emission, resp.; the latter is attributed to the newly formed Sb 5p and Sb 5 s orbital-driven band structures confirmed by applying d. functional theory (DFT) calculations The SCs and NCs exhibit excellent stability in water under ambient conditions because of the in-situ generation of a hydrophobic and oxygen-resistant passivating layer of oxychloride in the presence of water. Our findings open a pathway for designing lead-free perovskites materials for thin-film-based optoelectronic devices. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Product Details of 75-57-0).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Product Details of 75-57-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Development of quantitative structure-property relationship to predict the viscosity of deep eutectic solvent for CO₂ capture using molecular descriptor was written by Adi Kurnia, Kiki;Zunita, Megawati;A. P. Coutinho, Joao;Gede Wenten, I.;Santoso, Djoko. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 75-57-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Transport properties of deep eutectic solvent (DES), such as viscosity, are essential for selecting and designing processes based on these ”green solvents” for CO₂ capture and separation Although exptl. values for the viscosity of DES are available for a large number of systems, the number of potential hydrogen bond acceptors and hydrogen bond donors to form eutectic mixtures make the exptl. characterization and screening of these systems impractical. A computational method able to predict the viscosity of DES would be highly valuable. The present study is aimed to develop a method to predict the viscosity of DESs using interaction energy descriptors derived from Conductor like Screening Model for Real Solvent (COSMO-RS). The stepwise multiple linear regression was implemented to select the optimal number of mol. descriptors and temperature based on an extensive database covering 947 viscosity data points for a wide range of DESs. The new model showed a good correlation between exptl. and predicted values, with R-squared (R²) and average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of 0.9734 and 15.22%, resp., for the overall dataset. In addition, the model showed that the viscosity of DES was significantly influenced by the hydrogen bonding between the anion of the hydrogen bond acceptor and the hydrogen bond donor mols. The electrostatic-misfit and van der Waals forces were shown to have a marginal impact on the viscosities. In conclusion, the developed model provides an effective tool to predict the viscosity of DES and allows a fundamental understanding of the mol. level interactions on this property. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0HPLC of Formula: 75-57-0).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.HPLC of Formula: 75-57-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of a long-acting, hypoxia-activated prodrug of fasudil, a ROCK inhibitor, to reduce its systemic side-effects was written by Al-Hilal, Taslim A.;Hossain, Mohammad Anwar;Alobaida, Ahmad;Alam, Farzana;Keshavarz, Ali;Nozik-Grayck, Eva;Stenmark, Kurt R.;German, Nadezhda A.;Ahsan, Fakhrul. And the article was included in Journal of Controlled Release in 2021.Formula: C4H12ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

ROCK, one of the downstream regulators of Rho, controls actomyosin cytoskeleton organization, stress fiber formation, smooth muscle contraction, and cell migration. ROCK plays an important role in the pathologies of cerebral and coronary vasospasm, hypertension, cancer, and arteriosclerosis. Pharmacol.-induced systemic inhibition of ROCK affects both the pathol. and physiol. functions of Rho-kinase, resulting in hypotension, increased heart rate, decreased lymphocyte count, and eventually cardiovascular collapse. To overcome the adverse effects of systemic ROCK inhibition, we developed a bioreductive prodrug of a ROCK inhibitor, fasudil, that functions selectively under hypoxic conditions. By masking fasudil′s active site with a bioreductive 4-nitrobenzyl group, we synthesized a prodrug of fasudil that is inactive in normoxia. Reduction of the protecting group initiated by hypoxia reveals an electron-donating substituent that leads to fragmentation of the parent mol. Under normoxia the fasudil prodrug displayed significantly reduced activity against ROCK compared to its parent compound, but under severe hypoxia the prodrug was highly effective in suppressing ROCK activity. Under hypoxia the prodrug elicited an antiproliferative effect on disease-afflicted pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. The prodrug displayed a long plasma half-life, remained inactive in the blood, and produced no drop in systemic blood pressure when compared with fasudil-treated controls. Due to its selective nature, our hypoxia-activated fasudil prodrug could be used to treat diseases where tissue-hypoxia or hypoxic cells are the pathol. basis of the disease. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Formula: C4H12ClN).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Formula: C4H12ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Highly efficient extraction of indole from model wash oil by using environmentally benign deep eutectic solvents was written by Zhang, Xudong;Wang, Junyao;Shen, Jun;Wang, Yugao;Liu, Gang;Niu, Yanxia;Sheng, Qingtao. And the article was included in Separation and Purification Technology in 2022.Related Products of 75-57-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Indole is an important organic synthesis intermediate derived from the wash oil fraction in coal tar. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been widely used in the separation field due to their unique properties such as easy preparation, low cost, green and high extraction efficiency, and reusability. In this study, five DESs, including tetramethylammonium chloride/ethylene glycol (TMAC/EG), triethylmethylammonium chloride/ethylene glycol (TEMAC/EG), tetraethylammonium chloride/ ethylene glycol (TEAC/EG), tetrapropylammonium chloride/ethylene glycol (TPAC/EG), tetrabutylammonium chloride /ethylene glycol (TBAC/EG) were prepared and used to extract indole from model wash oil. The results showed that TPAC/EG exhibited the best extraction ability under the same conditions. Then, the main exptl. parameters such as mass ratio of DES to model wash oil, extraction temperature, extraction time, standing time and initial concentration of indole, were investigated when using TPAC/EG as extractant. In optimal conditions (25°C, 5 min, mass ratio 1:8), the extraction efficiency, selectivity and distribution coefficient for indole were 90.51%, 79.21% and 61.12, resp. Moreover, removing neutral oil with petroleum ether, the purity of indole further reached 96.63%, which was much higher than that in the previous studies reported. In addition, accessible and environmentally friendly water instead of di-Et ether was used to regenerate the DES. Reused four times, the TPAC/EG extraction ability for indole almost did not change. Finally, the mechanism of extraction process was investigated by FT-IR anal. This work provides a new route for extraction and recovery indole from wash oil. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Related Products of 75-57-0).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Related Products of 75-57-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tetrazole Ring Substitution at Carbon and Boron Sites of the Cobalt Bis(dicarbollide) Ion Available via Dipolar Cycloadditions was written by El Anwar, Suzan;Ruzickova, Zdenka;Bavol, Dmytro;Fojt, Lukas;Gruner, Bohumir. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2020.Application In Synthesis of Tetramethylammonium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Herein, the authors describe the synthesis of two families of compounds accessible from [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of known B8-substituted isonitrilium and new C1-alkylnitrile and C(1,1′)-dialkylnitrile derivatives of the [(1,2-C₂B₉H₁₁)₂-3,3′-Co(III)]^– ion with an azide ion that produce a tetrazole ring substitution at the cobaltacarborane cage. The authors outline the important differences in reactivity observed for the two types [B-isonitrilium/C-(alkyl)nitrile] of cobaltacarborane derivatives The 1st family of compounds described corresponds to C5-atom-boronated tetrazole rings, with the five-membered moiety in the 2nd type being doubly substituted at the N1 and C5 positions. This substitution opens cobaltacarborane chem. to a new type of functional group at the cage of potential utility as structural blocks for use in medicinal chem. or materials science. The study includes single-crystal x-ray structures of the starting nitriles and both families of tetrazole derivatives, and the structural features that arise from the substitutions are discussed. Herein, the authors describe the synthesis of structurally different types of tetrazole ring substitution on the Co bis(dicarbollide) ion that are accessible via [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of the corresponding alkylnitrile and isonitrile derivatives with an azide ion. The important differences in reactivity observed for the two types of B-isonitrilium/C-alkylnitrile derivatives of the cluster anion are demonstrated. The study is complemented with single-crystal x-ray structures of the starting nitriles and the main families of tetrazole derivatives This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Application In Synthesis of Tetramethylammonium chloride).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Application In Synthesis of Tetramethylammonium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A simplified method for determination of short-, medium-, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins using tetramethyl ammonium chloride as mobile phase modifier was written by Huang, Xiaomei;Ding, Chenhong;Su, Qiuquan;Wang, Ying;Cui, Zefeng;Yin, Qiumiao;Wang, Xu. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography A in 2021.Application In Synthesis of Tetramethylammonium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The formation of halide adducts ion is an important pathway to improve the sensitivity of analytes in liquid chromatog. (LC) combined with neg. electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS). Although adding modifier in mobile phase is generally the simplest way to form anions adducts, the formation of halide adducts ion requires a complex post-column addition strategy since traditional halide ionization enhancement reagents are incompatible with LC systems. To solve this problem, the volatile organochlorine salt tetra-Me ammonium chloride (TMAC) was therefore investigated as a potentially non-corrosive mobile phase modifier that was confirmed to be compatible with both LC and MS systems in this study. When short-chain, medium-chain, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (CPs) were determinated simultaneously by ultra-high performance LC combined with ESI high resolution MS (UPLC-ESI-HRMS), all of them tended to ionize by forming [M+Cl]^– ions and exhibited excellent sensitivity with the instrumental detection limits of 1-4 pg/μL. Meanwhile, their sensitivities towards CPs were less dependent on their Cl content with the total relative response factors of 0.8-3.5. The method’s utility was demonstrated through determination of CPs in surface soil and chicken muscle samples. This was an effective and practical method to enhance the selectivity for [M + Cl]^– ions and improve sensitivity towards CPs with various carbon lengths. Importantly, post-column addition was not required, and thus the anal. procedure was simplified. The method has also improved sensitivity towards some other organohalides and may be generally useful in the determination of challenging organic analytes. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Application In Synthesis of Tetramethylammonium chloride).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Application In Synthesis of Tetramethylammonium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics