Tag: 300-400

Determination of Three Endocrine Disruptors in Water Samples by Ultrasound-Assisted Salt-Induced Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (UA-SI-LLME) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography – Diode Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) was written by Rozaini, Muhammad Nur’ Hafiz;Saad, Bahruddin;Yahaya, Noorfatimah;Lim, Jun Wei;Mohd Aris, Muhammad Naeim;Ramachandran, Muggundha Raoov. And the article was included in Analytical Letters in 2022.Name: 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea This article mentions the following:

Endocrine-disrupting compounds are routinely detected in environmental water. In this study, a simple and rapid sample preparation method based on ultrasound-assisted salt-induced liquid-liquid microextraction (UA-SI-LLME) followed by high performance liquid chromatog. – diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was developed for the determination of triclosan, triclocarban and methyl-triclosan in water. Parameters that affect the extraction efficiency – such as type and mass of salt, type and volume of extraction solvent, extraction time, sample pH and sample volume – were studied. Under the optimized conditions, the method demonstrated linearity from 0.18 to 1000渭g L-1 with coefficients of determination R2 鈮?0.9899, limits of detection from 0.05 to 0.2渭g L-1, and good recoveries (> 70%) with relative standard deviations < 10%. The method was applied for the determination of triclosan, triclocarban, and methyl-triclosan in swimming pool, lake, and wastewater. The greenness of the method was quantified using the Anal. Eco-Scale Index. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Name: 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Name: 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A preliminary study on the ecotoxic potency of wastewater treatment plant sludge combining passive sampling and bioassays was written by Ahkola, Heidi;Lindholm-Lehto, Petra;Perkola, Noora;Valitalo, Pia;Merilainen, Paivi;Maenpaa, Kimmo;Stelzer, Julio Alberto Alegre;Heiskanen, Ilse;Jarvisto, Johanna;Nuutinen, Jari;Leppanen, Matti T.. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2021.Related Products of 101-20-2 This article mentions the following:

Sewage sludge is an inevitable byproduct produced in wastewater treatment. Reusing nutrient-rich sludge will diminish the amount of waste ending in soil dumping areas and will promote circular economy. However, during sewage treatment process, several potentially harmful organic chems. are retained in sludge, but proving the safety of processed sludge will promote its more extensive use in agriculture and landscaping. Environmental risk assessment of sludge requires new methods of characterizing its suitability for various circular economy applications. Bioavailable and bioaccessible fractions are key variables indicating leaching, transport, and bioaccumulation capacity. Also, sludge treatments have a significant effect on chem. status and resulting environmental risks. In this study, the concentrations of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), triclosan (TCS), triclocarban (TCC), Me triclosan (mTCS), and selected active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were determined in different sludge treatments and fractions. Passive samplers were used to characterize the bioavailable and bioaccessible fractions, and the sampler extracts along the sludge and filtrate samples were utilized in the bioassays. The TCS and PAH concentrations did not decrease as the sludge was digested, but the contents diminished after composting. Also, mTCS concentration decreased after composting. The API concentrations were lower in digested sludge than in secondary sludge. Digested sludge was toxic for Aliivibrio fischeri, but after composting, toxicity was not observed However, for Daphnia magna, passive sampler extracts of all sludge treatments were either acutely (immobility) or chronically (reproduction) toxic. Secondary and digested sludge sampler extracts were cytotoxic, and secondary sludge extract was also genotoxic. The measured chem. concentration levels did not explain the toxicity of the samples based on the reported toxicity thresholds. Bioassays and sampler extracts detecting bioavailable and bioaccessible contaminants in sludge are complementing tools for chem. analyses. Harmonization of these methodswill help establish scientifically sound regulative thresholds for the use of sludge in circular economy applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Related Products of 101-20-2).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Related Products of 101-20-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synergistic degradation of methylene blue by laser cavitation and activated carbon fiber was written by Tong, Yanqun;Jiang, Bin;Chen, Xin;Ren, Xudong;Lu, Jiangyi;Ding, Liuxin. And the article was included in Optics & Laser Technology in 2022.Recommanded Product: 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride This article mentions the following:

Methylene blue is widely used, but highly toxic and difficult to be degraded. In this paper, a new method of synergistic degradation of methylene blue by laser cavitation and activated carbon fiber is proposed. This paper theor. studies the synergistic degradation effect, including radical oxidation effect, shock wave breakdown effect and activated carbon fiber surface adsorption effect. The deep degradation of methylene blue was studied exptl., and the key influencing factors were analyzed. The results show that: the reason why methylene blue can be degraded is because of the oxidation effect of hydroxyl radicals, thermal decomposition and adsorption of mols. on the surface of carbon fibers. The main factors affecting the degradation rate of methylene blue solution are laser energy and initial concentration of solution The degradation rate increased by 37.4% with the increase of laser energy (12-48 mJ) and decreased by 2.6% with the increase of initial concentration (0.01-0.05 mg/mL). The maximum degradation rate (93%) of methylene blue solution was reached at 48 mJ and 0.01 mg/mL for 30 min. Compared with the traditional adsorption degradation of carbon fibers, the degradation rate of the synergistic degradation of methylene blue solution by laser cavitation and activated carbon fibers can be increased by about 80% in a short time (30 min). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Recommanded Product: 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Recommanded Product: 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Constructing chemical stable 4-carboxyl-quinoline linked covalent organic frameworks via Doebner reaction for nanofiltration was written by Yang, Yongliang;Yu, Ling;Chu, Tiancheng;Niu, Hongyun;Wang, Jun;Cai, Yaqi. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2022.Quality Control of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride This article mentions the following:

Covalent linkages are the key component of covalent organic frameworks (COFs). The development of stable and functional linkages is essential to expand the COFs family and broaden their application prospects. In this work, we report the synthesis of crystalline and chem. stable 4-carboxyl-quinoline linked COFs (QL-COFs) via Doebner reactions in both one-pot (OP) and post-synthetic modification (PSM) methods. Both methods can be universally applied to most of the reported imine COFs family via bottom-up construction or linkage conversion. Owing to the contractive pore size, more hydrophilic structure and better chem. stability than the conventional imine COFs endowed by 4-carboxyl-quinoline linkage, QL-COFs are supposed to possess a wider application range. We further demonstrate the nanofiltration membrane (NFM) based on QL-COF exhibited a desirable separation capacity with high rejection for small dye mols. (> 90%), high water permeance (850 L m^-2 h^-1 MPa^-1) and tolerance of extreme conditions (1 M HCl/NaOH), which were benefitted from the enhanced properties of QL-COFs. Addnl., efficient ion sieving properties were also achieved by QL-COF membrane. We anticipate that this work opens up a way for the construction of robust and functional COFs materials for practical applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Quality Control of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Quality Control of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Influence of mass ratio and calcination temperature on physical and photoelectrochemical properties of ZnFe-layered double oxide/cobalt oxide heterojunction semiconductor for dye degradation applications was written by Zhang, Yufei;Zheng, Junjie;Nan, Jiejie;Gai, Chengjie;Shao, Qian;Murugadoss, Vignesh;Maganti, Srihari;Naik, Nithesh;Algadi, Hassan;Huang, Mina;Xu, Ben Bin;Guo, Zhanhu. And the article was included in Particuology in 2023.Recommanded Product: 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride This article mentions the following:

A visible light-active photoelectrocatalyst, ZnFe-layered double oxide (LDO)/cobalt(II,III) oxide (Co₃O₄) composites were obtained by calcining the Co loaded ZnFe-layered double hydroxide (LDH) prepared by a hydrothermal and microwave hydrothermal method. The morphol. studies revealed that the ZnFe-LDO/Co₃O₄ composites exhibited a flower-like structure comprising Co₃O₄ nanowires and ZnFe-LDO nanosheets. Further, when the mass ratio of Co(NO₃)₂.6H₂O/LDH was 1:1.8 and the calcination temperature was 550掳C, the ZnFe-LDO/Co₃O₄ composite exhibited 93.3% degradation efficiency for methylene blue (MB) at the applied voltage of 1.0 V under visible light after 3 h. Furthermore, the Mott-Schottky model experiments showed that the formation of a p-n heterojunction between ZnFe-LDO and Co₃O₄ could effectively inhibit the recombination of electrons and holes in the photoelectrocatalytic process. Meanwhile, free radical scavenging experiments showed that the active radicals of .OH played an important role in the degradation of MB. Therefore, the photoelectrocatalytic effect of ZnFe-LDO/Co₃O₄ provides a simple and effective strategy for the removal of organic pollutants. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Recommanded Product: 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Recommanded Product: 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bioengineering of CuO porous (nano)particles: role of surface amination in biological, antibacterial, and photocatalytic activity was written by Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba;Safarkhani, Moein;Ghadiri, Amir Mohammad;Kiani, Mahsa;Fatahi, Yousef;Taghavimandi, Fahimeh;Daneshgar, Hossein;Abbariki, Nikzad;Makvandi, Pooyan;Varma, Rajender S.;Rabiee, Navid. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.Formula: C16H18ClN3S This article mentions the following:

Nanotechnol. is one of the most impressive sciences in the twenty-first century. Not surprisingly, nanoparticles/nanomaterials have been widely deployed given their multifunctional attributes and ease of preparation via environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and simple methods. Although there are assorted optimized preparative methods for synthesizing the nanoparticles, the main challenge is to find a comprehensive method that has multifaceted properties. The goal of this study has been to synthesize aminated (nano)particles via the Rosmarinus officinalis leaf extract-mediated copper oxide; this modification leads to the preparation of (nano)particles with promising biol. and photocatalytic applications. The synthesized NPs have been fully characterized, and biol. activity was evaluated in antibacterial assessment against Bacillus cereus as a model Gram-pos. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a model Gram-neg. bacterium. The bio-synthesized copper oxide (nano)particles were screened by MTT assay by applying the HEK-293 cell line. The aminated (nano)particles have shown lower cytotoxicity (鈭?21%), higher (鈭?50%) antibacterial activity, and a considerable increase in 味 potential value (鈭?+ 13.4 mV). The prepared (nano)particles also revealed considerable photocatalytic activity compared to other studies wherein the dye degradation process attained 97.4% promising efficiency in only 80 min and just 7% degradation after 80 min under dark conditions. The biosynthesized copper oxide (CuO) (nano)particle’s biomedical investigation underscores an eco-friendly synthesis of (nano)particles, their noticeable stability in the green reaction media, and impressive biol. activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Formula: C16H18ClN3S).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Formula: C16H18ClN3S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Occurrence of pharmaceutical and personal care products in Cau River, Vietnam was written by Ngo, Thanh Huy;Van, Dieu-Anh;Tran, Hoai Le;Nakada, Norihide;Tanaka, Hiroaki;Huynh, Trung Hai. And the article was included in Environmental Science and Pollution Research in 2021.Safety of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea This article mentions the following:

Abstract: This study evaluated the occurrence of PPCPs in Cau River (Vietnam). Surface water and sediment samples were collected to determine PPCP concentrations The anal. results showed the presence of 36 out of 56 investigated PPCPs in samples. The total concentration of PPCPs in water samples ranged from 8.21 to 529 ng/L and the value observed in sediment was from 17.4 to 172.8 渭g/kg. Along the Cau River, there was a trend of accumulation of PPCPs at the downstream. The highest level of PPCP was observed after the river flows through Thai Nguyen and Bac Ninh provinces. Among detected PPCPs, the ones detected with high frequency (over 70%) and high concentration were caffeine, sulfamethoxazole, and lincomycin in water and triclocarban, levofloxacin, and griseofulvin in sediment. The water-sediment partition coefficient (K_d) was estimated to explore the fate of PPCP in the river, and the observed K_d mean values for lincomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and griseofulvin were 223.0, 7.6, and 997.0 kg/L, resp. Risk assessment was initially conducted by applying a semi-quant. assessment risk quotient (RQ); the potential ecol. risk to the aquatic organism of PPCPs posed a moderate risk. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Safety of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Safety of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Metal organic framework-derived Zr/Cu bimetallic photocatalyst for the degradation of tetracycline and organic dyes was written by Kaushal, Sandeep;Pal Singh, Prit;Kaur, Navjot. And the article was included in Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management in 2022.Application of 61-73-4 This article mentions the following:

The exploitation of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) has caused significant hazards to both the humans as well as the environment. As a result, developing efficient strategies to eliminate these contaminants is both important and practicable. Photocatalytic degradation appears to be one of the most potential techniques for extracting antibiotics. Semiconductors seem to be the most extensively used photocatalysts even though their performance is still hampered by light absorption limitations and poor charge separation MOFs are worthy choices for the construction of hierarchical nanostructures with semiconductors to address the foregoing concerns because of their extraordinary features including better surface area and extensive active sites. Zr/Cu-MOF was synthesized by precipitation refluxing method and its efficacy as a photocatalyst for the degradation of TC antibiotics and poisonous dyes such as rhodamine B and methylene blue was examined in this study. The Zr/Cu-MOF displayed excellent efficacy for degradation of tetracycline (93 % in 80 min), Rhodamine B (96 % in 70 min) and methylene blue (96 % in 50 min) with rate constant of 0.0308, 0.052 and 0.068 min^-1. The contribution of reactive species in antibiotics and dye degradation was confirmed by radical scavenging investigations which showed that.OH radical has a significant role in photocatalytic decomposition In addition, tests using liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were carried out in order to predict a probable mechanism for TC degradation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Application of 61-73-4).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Application of 61-73-4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Facile modification of TiO₂ nanoparticles with H₂O₂ + NH₄F for enhanced visible light photodegradation of rhodamine B and methylene blue was written by Yu, Zhehan;Zhang, Lihua;Watanabe, Seiichi. And the article was included in Materials Today Communications in 2022.COA of Formula: C16H18ClN3S This article mentions the following:

We report a facile modification method to increase the visible light activity of TiO₂ samples. We use titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) as the raw Ti source, hydrolyzing in acidic and alk. solutions, resp., to fabricate different TiO₂ samples as raw TiO₂ together with P25-TiO₂. Only hydrogen peroxide and ammonia fluoride are used for this facile modification method, and three TiO₂ samples are modified for the visible light degradation This method could promote the transformation of crystalline TiO₂ from rutile to anatase, increase the sp. surface area, and the bandgap of samples shift to lower energy (2.2 – 3.0 eV) after the modification. For the visible light photodegradation tests, all the three modified samples show a higher visible light photodegradation efficiency. The highest kinetic constant of Rhodamine B and methylene blue degradation is 7 and 2 times that of P25, resp. Addnl., TiO₂ fabricated by TTIP in alk. solution and its as-modified sample show the highest adsorption of methylene blue dye, whose adsorption rate reaches 9 times that of P25. Thus, the present facile modification can effectively improve the photocatalytic ability of TiO₂ under visible light. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4COA of Formula: C16H18ClN3S).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.COA of Formula: C16H18ClN3S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Interaction between molecular aggregates placed into thin layered films was written by Pisklova, Polina V.;Ropakova, Iryna Yu.;Bespalova, Iryna I.;Yefimova, Svetlana L.;Sorokin, Alexander V.. And the article was included in Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals.Product Details of 101-20-2 This article mentions the following:

Interaction of J-aggregates of two carbocyanine dyes, TDBC and TCC, with similar structures has been studied in aqueous solutions and thin polymer films. It has been revealed that despite the structure similarity these J-aggregates didn鈥瞭 interact explicitly when mixed both in aqueous solutions and polycation thin films. However, by placing the J-aggregates in different layers separated by polycation film spacer, efficient energy transfer can be achieved with TDBC J-aggregates as an energy donor and TCC J-aggregates as energy acceptor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Product Details of 101-20-2).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Product Details of 101-20-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics