Tag: 300-400

Phenylalanine stabilized copper nanoclusters for specific destruction of Congo red and bacteria in aqueous solution was written by Wang, Yong;Tan, Yiyun;Ding, Yue;Fu, Lixian;Qing, Weixia. And the article was included in Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects in 2022.Recommanded Product: 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride This article mentions the following:

A simple preparation method of phenylalanine stabilized copper nanoclusters (Phe-CuNCs) was reported. The Phe-CuNCs were active for specific destruction of Congo red (CR) in aqueous solution under natural light irradiation, showing fast, efficient and stable catalytic activities. The catalytic reaction followed first-order kinetics equation, and a linear relation of ln (At/A0) vs. time was observed The Phe-CuNCs obtained more electrons to accelerate decolorization of CR in the presence of H2O2. The catalytic efficiency of Phe-CuNCs remained above 70% even after 10 cycles of reactions, showing economy and efficiency. The Phe-CuNCs showed remarkable antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Meanwhile, the bacterial damage was visualized by SEM (SEM). In addition, the Phe-CuNCs are not toxic to normal cells (HL-7702) and tumor cells (HepG2) even at high concentrations, whereas Phe-CuNCs can efficiently kill bacteria. Thus, Phe-CuNCs may be a promising nanomaterial for specific degradation of Congo red in aqueous solution as well as an adjuvant for treatment of microbial infections. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Recommanded Product: 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Recommanded Product: 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for pharmaceuticals and personal care productions removal in constructed wetlands with different substrate was written by Hu, Bo;Hu, Shanshan;Vymazal, Jan;Chen, Zhongbing. And the article was included in Journal of Cleaner Production in 2022.Reference of 101-20-2 This article mentions the following:

This study investigated the effects of substrates (sand, perlite, vermiculite, and biochar) on the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the roots of Glyceria maxima in constructed wetlands (CWs) and the impacts of AMF inoculation on the removal of six selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Results showed that the application of adsorptive substrates (perlite, vermiculite, and biochar) in CWs had pos. effects on AMF colonization. AMF could influence the uptake and translocation of PPCPs in plant tissues. The amount of PPCPs in the roots of inoculated plants was increased by 21-193% and 67-196% in sand and vermiculite systems but decreased by 13-55% and 51-100% in perlite and biochar systems, resp., compared to the non-inoculated controls. Meanwhile, AMF enhanced the translocation of PPCPs to plant shoots, resulting in higher accumulations of PPCPs in the shoots of inoculated plants than that of non-inoculated plants. AMF had pos. effects on removing PPCPs in sand systems but insignificant effects in adsorptive substrate systems. Therefore, these results indicated that the symbiotic relationship between AMF and plant roots could affect the accumulation and translocation of PPCPs in plants, and substrate type can influence this function. This study could be a starting point for exploring the potential role of AMF in PPCPs removal in CWs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Reference of 101-20-2).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Reference of 101-20-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products across Different Water Bodies in Taihu Lake Basin, China: Occurrence, Source, and Flux was written by Huang, Jichao;Ding, Jiannan;Jiang, Hang;Wang, Zhenguo;Zheng, Lixing;Song, Xiaojun;Zou, Hua. And the article was included in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea This article mentions the following:

Although pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have attracted great attentions, their occurrence characteristics across different water bodies at a basin scale remain poorly understood. To grasp a more comprehensive understanding of PPCP pollution from the perspective of the whole basin, the occurrence, spatial and seasonal variation, source, and flux of thirteen PPCPs across the different environmental compartments of the northern Taihu Lake Basin (TLB) were studied. The results showed that the non-therapeutic pharmaceuticals caffeine (CFI) and n, n-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) were the main components across the different environmental compartments. The total concentrations of detected PPCPs ranged from 0.2 to 2437.9 ng/L. Higher concentrations of PPCPs were observed in spring and autumn, which were mainly attributed to seasonal differences in PPCP consumption. Generally, pollution level was higher in industry and agriculture area and in the inner bay and southwest of Taihu Lake. Source apportionment indicated that untreated water was the main source of PPCPs in river waters of the northern TLB. Flux estimation showed that the mean annual flux of PPCPs from northern TLB to Taihu Lake in 2021 was 1.6 t/a, which was higher in comparison with other areas. Overall, the resulting data will be useful to enrich the research of PPCPs in freshwater for environmental investigations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Application In Synthesis of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Application In Synthesis of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Stable isotope probing reveals specific assimilating bacteria of refractory organic compounds in activated sludget was written by Sun, Haohao;Huang, Kailong;Zhang, Xuxiang;Ren, Hongqiang;Ye, Lin. And the article was included in Water Research in 2022.Quality Control of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea This article mentions the following:

Activated sludge in wastewater treatment bioreactors contains diverse bacteria, while little is known about the community structure of bacteria responsible for degradation of refractory organic compounds (ROCs). In this study, 10 ROCs frequently detected in sewage were investigated, and the potential bacteria degrading these ROCs were analyzed by DNA stable isotope probing and high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the bacterial communities responsible for degradation of different ROCs were largely different. A total of 84 bacterial genera were found to be involved in degrading at least one of the 10 ROCs, however, only six genera (Acinetobacter, Bacteroides, Bosea, Brevundimonas, Lactobacillus and Pseudomonas) were common to all 10 ROCs. This suggests that different ROCs may have specific assimilating bacteria in the activated sludge. Our results also showed that these ROC-degrading bacteria are difficult to isolate by conventional methods and that most of them have relatively low relative abundance in municipal wastewater treatment bioreactors. Development of new technologies to increase the abundance and activity of these bacteria may significantly improve the removal efficiency of ROCs from wastewater. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Quality Control of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Quality Control of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Electrochemical synthesis of CNTs-Zn: ZnO@SDS/PEG@Ni₂P nanocomposite and its application for ultrasound-assisted removal of methylene blue and investigation of its antibacterial property was written by Zalipour, Ziba;Lashanizadegan, Asghar;Sadeghfar, Fardin;Ghaedi, Mehrorang;Asfaram, Arash;Sadegh, Fatemeh. And the article was included in Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management in 2022.Formula: C16H18ClN3S This article mentions the following:

In this research, carbon nanotubes modified with CNTs-Zn: ZnO@SDS/PEG@Ni₂P nanocomposite (NCs) were applied for removal of methylene blue (MB) following its characterization by XRD, FESEM, and EDS-mapping techniques. Using central composite design (CCD), the relationship between operational parameters like sonication time (1 to 5 min), adsorbent mass (0.1 to 0.2 g), pH (3 to 11), and initial MB concentration (2 to 10 mg L^-1) on the efficiency of the understudy system was optimized, and the maximum removal percentage of (100%) was found at 4.0 min sonication, 4 mg L^-1 MB, 0.01 g of adsorbent, and pH = 9.0. The fitting of exptl. equilibrium data reveals that the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.995) is well suited for evaluating and representing the current adsorption system’s actual behavior. Kinetic analyses that match exptl. data at different periods show the pseudo-second-order model’s (R2 = 0.998) usefulness for properly describing exptl. data. Also, Pos. ΔH° and ΔS° readings, as well as neg. ΔG° values, imply an endothermic, phys., and spontaneous activity. The adsorbent’s reusability was also tested over six periods, with a minor decline in adsorbent capacity. In addition, this substance was tested in vitro for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria, addition, candida Albicans (C. Albicans) yeast, while exptl. results support the high efficiency of this composite for cleaning and safety improvement of water quality following its application as high-efficiency adsorbent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Formula: C16H18ClN3S).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Formula: C16H18ClN3S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Highly efficient manganese (III) oxide submerged catalytic ceramic membrane for nonradical degradation of emerging organic compounds was written by Chen, Li;Maqbool, Tahir;Fu, Wanyi;Yang, Yulong;Hou, Congyu;Guo, Jianning;Zhang, Xihui. And the article was included in Separation and Purification Technology in 2022.Synthetic Route of C13H9Cl3N2O This article mentions the following:

In this study the performance of catalytic ceramic membranes in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) was investigated. The catalytic ceramic membrane (MnCM) integrated with Mn₂O₃ nanoparticles was fabricated by a solid-state sintering method. Phys. and chem. properties of MnCM were characterized by SEM/EDX, XRD, BET, AFM and XPS. The MnCM/PMS system has shown excellent decontamination efficiencies (81-97% removal) for different EOCs. Acetaminophen (APAP) has been efficiently degraded by MnCM/PMS in different real water matrixes and harsh water conditions. Based on results of quenching experiments and ESR (EPR) analyses, non-radical pathway with singlet oxygen (¹O₂) was the dominant ROS for the degradation of EOCs. The membrane pores in active layer acted as micro-reactors for the interaction among active sites, PMS, and EOCs. The MnCM/PMS system showed outstanding catalytic stability with high mineralization (TOC removal of ∼ 65%) and negligible leaching of the manganese (1.3-1.5μg/L) in permeate. Hydroxylation and C-N bond cleavage were found to be the main degradation pathways of APAP by MnCM/PMS system. The MnCM prepared in this study with excellent performance could be a way forward for applications at large-scale or full-scale water systems suffering from heavy loads or trace amount of refractory organic compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Synthetic Route of C13H9Cl3N2O).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Synthetic Route of C13H9Cl3N2O

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Human health and ecological risk assessment of 98 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) detected in Indian surface and wastewaters was written by Sengar, Ashish;Vijayanandan, Arya. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea This article mentions the following:

The release of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in environmental waters has become an urgent issue due to their pseudo-persistent traits. The present study was undertaken to conduct a screening-level risk assessment of 98 PPCPs, detected in different water matrixes (treated wastewater, surface water, and groundwater) of India, for evaluating ecol. risk (risk to fish, daphnia, and algae), human health risk, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) selection risk by following risk quotient (RQ) based methodol. In the present study, 47% of the detected PPCPs in Indian waters were found to exert a possible risk (RQ > 1) to either aquatic species and human health, or cause AMR selection risk. 17 out of 25 antibiotics detected in the environmental waters were found to pose a threat of AMR selection. 11 out of 49 pharmaceuticals were found to exert human health risk from ingesting contaminated surface water, whereas only 2 pharmaceuticals out of 25 were found to exert risk from the intake of groundwater. Very high RQs (>1000) for few pharmaceuticals were obtained, signifying a great potential of the detected PPCPs in causing severe health concern, aquatic toxicity, and AMR spread. Within India, special attention needs to be given to the pharmaceutical hubs, as the environmental waters in these regions were found to be severely contaminated with drug residues resulting in extremely high RQs. The present study will be helpful in prioritizing the detected PPCPs in the environmental waters of India, for which immediate attention and enforceable guidelines are required. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Application In Synthesis of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Application In Synthesis of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Assessment of a wide array of contaminants of emerging concern in a Mediterranean water basin (Guadalhorce river, Spain): Motivations for an improvement of water management and pollutants surveillance was written by Llamas-Dios, M. I.;Vadillo, I.;Jimenez-Gavilan, P.;Candela, L.;Corada-Fernandez, C.. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2021.COA of Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O This article mentions the following:

This study investigates the occurrence and distribution of 185 organic contaminants (regulated pollutants and contaminants of emerging concern; CECs) in surface and groundwater of the Guadalhorce River basin (southern Spain) providing the most detailed dataset regarding organic pollution presented so far in this area. Up to 63 contaminants were detected in a monitoring campaign conducted in March 2016. Most contaminants were detected more frequently in surface water where they generally present higher concentrations suggesting the prevalence of wastewater discharges into streams as the main pollutant sources. In general, hydrophobic CECs presented the highest frequencies of detection and concentrations, which can be a consequence of several factors: (1) hydrophobic compounds show a higher retardation factor, which result, along with a continuous contaminant input, in a widespread and homogeneous distribution. In contrast, hydrophilic contaminants are more easily transported by water flows towards the lower basin and potentially accumulate as driven by groundwater flow and because of low renewal rates in the detrital aquifers caused by re-pumping and irrigation return flows in agricultural lands; (2) hydrophobic CECs studied in this research are mainly personal care products and organophosphate esters flame retardants and plasticizers, which are present in many different products and are used in large amounts; Also, (3) use of biosolids (reclaimed sewer sludge) as fertilizer for crops is potentially an addnl. diffuse source of organic pollutants in the study area contributing to a widespread distribution, especially for hydrophobic compounds Obtained results highlight the need to better define the potential risk of non-regulated contaminants in water resources as well as the great impact of untreated wastewater discharges. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2COA of Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.COA of Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Elastic, tough and switchable swelling hydrogels with high entanglements and low crosslinks for water remediation was written by Li, Daikun;Zhan, Wei;Zuo, Wei;Li, LiPin;Zhang, Jun;Cai, Guiyuan;Tian, Yu. And the article was included in Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2022.Recommanded Product: 61-73-4 This article mentions the following:

Developing hydrogel adsorbents with both high mech. property and high adsorption capacity is a big challenge. At the same time, the swelling-adsorption is in conflict. Swelling expands the polymer network and facilitates the exposure of adsorption sites and the diffusion of pollutants. On the other hand, swelling causes the hydrogel to increase in volume and soften, which increases the difficulty of operation and regeneration. Hence, we promote a method of preparation advanced hydrogel adsorbent by high entanglements and low crosslinks. The entanglements work as addnl. crosslinks, reducing swelling and making the hydrogel tough. Unlike crosslinks, entanglements are like springs, which are flexible and can efficiently transmit and store stress. Therefore, highly entangled hydrogel exhibits high elasticity, low hysteresis, and good fatigue resistance. Abundant carboxyl functional groups are introduced by copolymerizing acrylic acid. The carboxyl groups are not only sites for adsorbing cationic pollutants, but also a smart switch for regulation of swelling. When adsorbing pollutants, the carboxyl groups are deprotonated, and the flexible entanglements allow large swelling of the hydrogel while maintaining good rigidity, which efficiently facilitates adsorption. Compared with highly crosslinked hydrogel with similar polymer content and carboxyl abundance, the adsorption capacity and rate of highly entangled hydrogel increased by more than ten times. While regeneration, the highly entangled hydrogel de-swells efficiently under the tension of entanglements, significantly improving the operability of regeneration. This study provides a novel strategy for developing smart hydrogel adsorbent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Recommanded Product: 61-73-4).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Recommanded Product: 61-73-4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Integration of a miniaturized DMMB assay with high-throughput screening for identifying regulators of proteoglycan metabolism was written by Sun, Yi;Tsui, Yuen-kee;Yu, Mengqi;Lyu, Minmin;Cheung, Kenneth;Kao, Richard;Leung, Victor. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.Reference of 61-73-4 This article mentions the following:

Defective biosynthesis or function of proteoglycans causes pathol. conditions in a variety of tissue systems. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disorder characterized by progressive cartilage destruction caused by imbalanced proteoglycan synthesis and degradation Identifying agents that regulate proteoglycan metabolism may benefit the development of OA-modifying therapeutics. High-throughput screening (HTS) of chem. libraries has paved the way for achieving this goal. However, the implementation and adaptation of HTS assays based on proteoglycan measurement remain underexploited. Using primary porcine chondrocytes as a model, we report a miniaturized dimethyl-methylene blue (DMMB) assay, which is commonly used to quant. evaluate sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, with an optimized detection range and reproducibility and its integration with HTS. Treatment with TGF-β1 and IL1-α, known as pos. and neg. proteoglycan regulators, resp., supported the assay specificity. A pre-test of chem. screening of 960 compounds identified both stimulators (4.48%) and inhibitors (6.04%) of GAG production Fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis validated the activity of selected hits on chondroitin sulfate expression in an alginate culture system. Our findings support the implementation of this simple colorimetric assay in HTS to discover modifiers of OA or other diseases related to dysregulated proteoglycan metabolism In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Reference of 61-73-4).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Reference of 61-73-4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics