Tag: 300-400

Calcareous deposit formation under cathodic polarization and marine biocalcifying bacterial activity was written by Colin, Beatrice;Vincent, Julia;Koziorowszki, Lilla;Frein, Aurore;Lanneluc, Isabelle;Sabot, Rene;Refait, Philippe;Sable, Sophie;Jeannin, Marc. And the article was included in Bioelectrochemistry in 2022.COA of Formula: C16H18ClN3S This article mentions the following:

CaCO₃ precipitation can occur through bacterial activity (biomineralization) but can also take place in abiotic conditions in seawater at a steel surface under cathodic polarization. In this work, we used two biocalcifying bacterial strains: Pseudoalteromonas sp. and Virgibacillus halodenitrificans isolated in a previous work from marine environment for their ability to induce CaCO₃ precipitation Motility experiments were performed to evaluate the bacterial behavior in the absence or presence of an applied elec. current of -600 μA/cm² in a solid medium. As no alteration of bacterial growth or CaCO₃ crystal formation were observed, we studied both strains in liquid cultures at different applied currents densities: -100, -200 and -600 μA/cm². The deposits formed on the cathode surface were characterized by μ-Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The strain ability to biocalcify in the presence of elec. current, in the liquid medium, was evaluated by monitoring bacterial growth, pH evolution, CaCO₃ production and metabolic characterization for 7 days. Our results show that neither bacterial growth, enzymic pathways or CaCO₃ production were altered by the elec. current. Moreover, bacterial activity modified drastically the nature of the compounds formed on the cathode surface. It favored Mg-containing calcite, hindering the formation of both aragonite and brucite. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4COA of Formula: C16H18ClN3S).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).COA of Formula: C16H18ClN3S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

SkinEthic HCE Time-to-Toxicity on solids: A test method for distinguishing chemicals inducing serious eye damage, eye irritation and not requiring classification and labeling was written by Alepee, Nathalie;Leblanc, Virginie;Grandidier, Marie-Helene;Teluob, Severine;Viricel, Anaelle;Adriaens, Els;Michaut, Valerie. And the article was included in Toxicology In Vitro in 2021.Application of 101-20-2 This article mentions the following:

This study describes the development of a Time-to-Toxicity approach for solids (TTS) based on the SkinEthic HCE tissue construct, capable to distinguish chems. that do not require classification for serious eye damage/eye irritation (No Cat.) from chems. that require classification for eye irritation (Cat. 2), and serious eye damage (Cat. 1). Briefly, the time-to-toxicity of 69 solids was evaluated by exposing SkinEthic HCE tissue constructs to the test chem. for two different time periods (30-min, and 120-min). Based on the viability observed for the different exposure periods, a classification was assigned. The within laboratory reproducibility in terms of concordance in classifications (3 UN GHS categories), based on a set of 48 solids, was 93.7%. Furthermore, 73.6% Cat. 1 (N = 24), 55.6% Cat. 2 (N = 15) and 72.2% No Cat. (N = 30) were correctly identified with the SkinEthic HCE TTS test method. This study provides evidence that the SkinEthic HCE Time-to-Toxicity method (multiple exposure times) can distinguish Cat. 2 solids from Cat. 1 solids. This is an added value compared to the SkinEthic HCE EITS method (single exposure time) that can distinguish No Cat. chems. from chems. that do require classification and labeling for eye irritation/serious eye damage (Cat. 2/Cat. 1). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Application of 101-20-2).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Application of 101-20-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Spectral characteristics of dissolved organic carbon derived from biomass-pyrogenic smoke (SDOC) in the aqueous environment and its solubilization effect on hydrophobic organic pollutants was written by Zhang, Huiying;Wu, Liang;Qian, Wei;Ni, Jinzhi;Wei, Ran;Qi, Zhichong;Chen, Weifeng. And the article was included in Water Research in 2021.SDS of cas: 101-20-2 This article mentions the following:

Dissolved organic carbon derived from biomass-pyrogenic smoke (SDOC) can be transported and deposited with atm. aerosols, enter aqueous environments, and possibly alter aqueous chem. and quality. However, the characteristics of SDOC in aqueous environments and their effects on the fate of hydrophobic organic pollutants are poorly understood. In this study, we found that the emitted SDOC is 7.2∼19.6 weight% of biochar retained in situ after biomass pyrolysis, and the emitted SDOC is approx. 1-3 orders of magnitude greater than dissolved organic carbon (DOC) released from biochar in a short term, which indicates that SDOC is a more important source of DOC in aqueous environments relative to biochar-released DOC after a biomass burning/pyrolysis event. The characteristics of SDOC in aqueous environments are dominated by the <1000 Da fraction, which accounts for >96 weight% of bulk SDOC. In comparison with DOC in biochar, natural water, and soil, the S275-295 value of SDOC (0.037-0.053) is significantly greater, further indicating that SDOC has a smaller mol. size. Moreover, fluorescence EEM suggests that a fluorescence component located at the Ex/Em of 205/310 nm and the combinational ranges of fluorescence index (1.28-2.28), humification index (0.07-0.80), and biol. index (1.16-1.72) can be used to identify SDOC from DOC in other media. Solubilization experiments indicated that SDOC (20 mg/L) improved the solubility of hydrophobic pollutants (pyrene and triclocarban) by 2-6 folds in aqueous environments, which potentially enhances the mobility of pollutants and enlarges the potential risk region. This study indicates that SDOC may cause a severe harm to aqueous environments in addition to the atm. The results have profound implications for comprehensive assessments of the environmental effects of SDOC while promoting its identification and elucidating its behavior in aqueous environments. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2SDS of cas: 101-20-2).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.SDS of cas: 101-20-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Target and Suspect Screening of Pharmaceuticals and their Transformation Products in the Klip River, South Africa, using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was written by Madikizela, Lawrence M.;Nuapia, Yannick B.;Chimuka, Luke;Ncube, Somandla;Etale, Anita. And the article was included in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry in 2022.COA of Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O This article mentions the following:

In spite of recent reports about the presence of pharmaceuticals in African water bodies, their prevalence has still not been sufficiently quantified. The few available studies have mostly focused on a limited number of pharmaceuticals. In the present study, a suspect screening of 92 compounds (mainly pharmaceuticals and their transformation products) along the Klip River, South Africa was conducted, followed by target monitoring of 21 of the detected pharmaceuticals. The exptl. approach was based on solid-phase extraction followed by anal. with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatog.-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). The results revealed 47 pharmaceuticals, 31 of which were detected for the first time in South African waters. Seven detected pharmaceuticals (propyphenazole, sulfamerazine, levamisole, tryptophan, dibucaine, albuterol, and fenpropimorph) are not approved medications in South Africa. Six pharmaceutical metabolites were detected for the first time in South Africa. Pharmaceuticals with the highest concentrations in river water were flumequine (0.257 μg L-1), oxolinic acid (0.355 μg L-1), and acetaminophen (0.432 μg L-1). Oxolinic acid presented the highest hazard quotient, 48.6, indicating a risk of toxicity to aquatic organisms. Hazard quotients for other pharmaceuticals were below 1, except that of flumequine, which reached 1.285. These results suggest a need for further research into the fate of pharmaceuticals in surface waters, and a quantification of the risks associated with the identified drugs because they are likely to accumulate in the tissues of fish/aquatic organisms, thus affecting humans. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2COA of Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).COA of Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Facile synthesis of CdO-ZnO heterojunction photocatalyst for rapid removal of organic contaminants from water using visible light was written by Warshagha, Murad Z. A.;Muneer, Mohammad. And the article was included in Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management in 2022.Related Products of 61-73-4 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of an efficient photocatalyst for removing organic contaminants in the water is of major importance for researchers working in heterogeneous photocatalysis. To do this, we provide the co-precipitation approach for synthesizing heterojunction nanocomposite (CdO-ZnO). Standard anal. techniques were used to characterize the synthesized components. According to the XRD and DRS results, a composite of ZnO and CdO was effectively synthesized with a shift of λ^max towards the higher wavelength. SEM pictures reveal well-decorated oval-shaped CdO nanoparticles with hexagonal ZnO particle morphol. Under visible light irradiation, the as-prepared CdO-ZnO nanocomposite demonstrated very efficient photocatalytic performance as measured by the decomposition of RhB, MB, paracetamol, and ciprofloxacin in an aqueous solution The photo-mineralization of MB and RhB over the most active CZ-3 catalyst was also assessed by measuring the decrease in TOC (total organic carbon) content over time when exposed to visible light. The breakdown of paracetamol produces no hazardous byproducts, according to high-performance liquid chromatog. (HPLC) study. The photocatalytic process appears to be dominated by ^·OH and h⁺, according to the radical scavenger tests. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Related Products of 61-73-4).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Related Products of 61-73-4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The development of Friedlander heteroannulation through a single electron transfer and energy transfer pathway using methylene blue (MB⁺) was written by Mohamadpour, Farzaneh. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.Safety of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride This article mentions the following:

The radical Friedlander hetero-annulation of 2-aminoaryl ketone and -methylene carbonyl compound was used to develop a green tandem approach for the metal-free synthesis of polysubstitutedquinolines. At room temperature in an ethanol solvent, photo-excited state functions generated from MB⁺ were used as single-electron transfer (SET) and energy transfer (EnT) catalysts, utilizing visible light as a renewable energy source in the air atm. The purpose of this research is to increase the use of a nonmetal cationic dye that is both inexpensive and widely available. High yields, energy-effectiveness, high atom economy, time-saving features of the reaction, and operational simplicity, and the least amount of a catalyst are the benefits of this study. As a result, a wide range of ecol. and long-term chem. properties are obtained. Polysubstitutedquinolines’ turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) have been calculated Surprisingly, such cyclization can be accomplished on a gram scale, indicating that the process has industrial potential. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Safety of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Safety of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Iron-Platinum interaction in (hexacarbonyldiiron)-[(π-diene)platinum] dichalcogenide clusters was written by Pasynskii, A. A.;Semenova, N. I.;Torubaev, Yu. V.;Lysenko, K. A.. And the article was included in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii in 2003.Safety of Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) This article mentions the following:

Trinuclear diiron-platinum cluster [(diene)Pt(μ₃-Se)₂Fe₂(CO)₆] (2, diene = dicyclopentadiene) was prepared by transmetalation of [(μ₃-Se)₂Fe₃(CO)₉] by [(diene)PtCl₂]. Crystal structure of 2 was determined by single-crystal x-ray crystallog. Platinum atom in 2 has a square-planar coordination geometry and is η²-bound to double bonds of the dicyclopentadiene ligand and coordinated by μ₃-Se atoms. The Fe(CO)₃ fragments are bound by two selenium bridges and by Fe-Fe bond (2.545 Å). Besides that, one of the Fe atoms has close contact with platinum (Fe-Pt 3.169 Å), declining the Pt coordination plane from the mirror plane of the two Fe(CO)₃ fragments. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) (cas: 12083-92-0Safety of Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II)).

Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) (cas: 12083-92-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Safety of Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II)

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fluoropolymers with low dielectric constants: triallyl ether-hydrosiloxane resins was written by Hu, Henry S. W.;Griffith, James R.;Buckley, Leonard J.;Snow, Arthur W.. And the article was included in ACS Symposium Series in 1995.Safety of Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) This article mentions the following:

The preparation of a class of processable heavily fluorinated triallyl ether homo- and co-polymers is carried out to elucidate the structure-property relations in comparison with the acrylic analogs. The triallyl ether monomer was prepared in good yield through the condensation of the triol, 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxy-hexafluoro-2-propyl)benzene, in dry acetone with allyl bromide in the presence of potassium carbonate. Homopolymers were obtained and cured through a slow free radical polymerization, while copolymers were obtained through a fast hydrosilylation with catalyst. The dielec. constant of the copolymer of the triallyl ether and an equivalence of polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) catalyzed by a trace of dicyclopentadienylplatinum(II) chloride is 2.33 at 13.2 GHZ with a dissipation factor of 0.004. The factors which affect the dielec. constant and thermal stability are the fluorine content, the polymer type and the mol. architecture. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) (cas: 12083-92-0Safety of Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II)).

Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) (cas: 12083-92-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Safety of Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II)

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and characterization of substituted poly(ferrocenylsilanes) and magnetic properties of their doped products was written by Liu, Yunyang;Tang, Hongding;Su, Xu;Chen, Xingguo;Li, Jun;Qin, Jingui;Zhang, Xixiang. And the article was included in Synthetic Metals in 2003.Related Products of 12083-92-0 This article mentions the following:

A series of substituted poly(ferrocenyl-silane)s were synthesized through transition-metal catalyzed ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of the corresponding [1]silaferrocenophanes. The structure of the polymers was studied using ¹H-NMR, FTIR, gel permeation chromatog. (GPC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The polymers formed ferromagnetic charge transfer complexes with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE). The the complexes showed paramagnetism below 110 K, as measured using SQUID. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) (cas: 12083-92-0Related Products of 12083-92-0).

Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) (cas: 12083-92-0) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Related Products of 12083-92-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Photoelectrochemical degradation of Methylene blue from solution using BiOBr/Bi₂S₃/TiO₂/GO photoanode was written by Nasiri, Maryam;Solaimany Nazar, Ali Reza;Frahadian, Mehrdad;Khosravi, Mohsen. And the article was included in Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management in 2022.Computed Properties of C16H18ClN3S This article mentions the following:

The photoelectrochem. degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye through the stabilization of BiOBr/Bi₂S₃/TiO₂/GO nanocatalyst was examined The nanocatalysts were synthesized using the solvothermal method and the spin coating method was applied for the coating. In photoelectrochem. processes, the coated-FTO was used as the anode and the graphite as the cathode. An initial dye concentration of 10 mg/L, the initial pH level of 6, photocatalyst dosage of 0.5 g/L, and irradiation time of 90 min, were the optimal conditions for the photocatalytic degradation The exptl. value of degradation in MB was conceived to be 97.9%. The optimal conditions for the photoelectrochem. degradation of MB include the initial concentration of the dye of 17 mg/L, the initial pH level of 6, the number of coatings of 3 times, and the irradiation time of 90 min, and the exptl. value of 98.7% was obtained. The c.d. produced under optimal conditions was calculated and the effect of the light source and nitrogen gas on the efficiency was observed The possibility of recycling the photocatalyst up to 4 times in both suspended and stabilized forms, confirms the stability, repeatability, and optimal activity of the photocatalyst. The economic performance was also investigated. According to the trapping tests, holes and hydroxyl radicals were the main active species in the degradation process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Computed Properties of C16H18ClN3S).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Computed Properties of C16H18ClN3S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics