Tag: M.W=200-250

Rodrigues, Elsa T. published the artcileCell-based assays as an alternative for the study of aquatic toxicity of pharmaceuticals, Formula: C12H15ClO3, the publication is Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2020), 27(7), 7145-7155, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

An increasing number and amount of pharmaceuticals for human and veterinary use currently reach the aquatic environment, and the determination of their effects on aquatic organisms becomes of major importance. The 96-h fish lethal test is one of the conventional assays required for environmental hazardous assessment, but it is extremely time-consuming and costly, and it raises ethical concerns. In a broad study, we compared the ability of cell-based assays to detect, in absolute terms, lethal toxicity in fish due to pharmaceuticals in order to select sensitive cell lines to be posteriorly used as an alternative to fish testing. This study also explored the sensitivity of the rat cardiomyoblast H9c2(2-1) cell line and the suitability of the sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay regarding 15 pharmaceuticals belonging to 9 different therapeutic classes. The relation between in vivo and in vitro data was expressed as LC_50,96h/EC₅₀ ratios, and 66% of concordant data were attained. Accordingly, it was possible to conclude that cell-based assays could be considered a suitable alternative to fish lethal testing for pharmaceuticals, which, after validation, may dramatically reduce the number of fish required for environmental hazardous assessment. Several cell lines were selected as promising alternatives, but H9c2(2-1), HepG2, PLHC-1, and RTG-2 could be considered suitable starting cell types for further studies, as relevant results were obtained with low exposure times.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research published new progress about 637-07-0. 637-07-0 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Cell Cycle,PPAR, name is Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate, and the molecular formula is C12H15ClO3, Formula: C12H15ClO3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Frambach, Sanne J. C. M. published the artcileEffects of clofibrate and KH176 on life span and motor function in mitochondrial complex I-deficient mice, Computed Properties of 637-07-0, the publication is Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Molecular Basis of Disease (2020), 1866(6), 165727, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Mitochondrial complex I (CI), the first multiprotein enzyme complex of the OXPHOS system, executes a major role in cellular ATP generation. Consequently, dysfunction of this complex has been linked to inherited metabolic disorders, including Leigh disease (LD), an often fatal disease in early life. Development of clin. effective treatments for LD remains challenging due to the complex pathophysiol. nature. Treatment with the peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist bezafibrate improved disease phenotype in several mitochondrial disease mouse models mediated via enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid β-oxidation However, the therapeutic potential of this mixed PPAR (α, δ/β, γ) agonist is severely hampered by hepatotoxicity, which is possibly caused by activation of PPARγ. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of the PPARα-specific fibrate clofibrate in mitochondrial CI-deficient (Ndufs4^-/-) mice. Clofibrate increased lifespan and motor function of Ndufs4^-/- mice, while only marginal hepatotoxic effects were observed Due to the complex clin. and cellular phenotype of CI-deficiency, we also aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of clofibrate combined with the redox modulator KH176. As described previously, single treatment with KH176 was beneficial, however, combining clofibrate with KH176 did not result in an additive effect on disease phenotype in Ndufs4^-/- mice. Overall, both drugs have promising, but independent and nonadditive, properties for the pharmacol. treatment of CI-deficiency-related mitochondrial diseases.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Molecular Basis of Disease published new progress about 637-07-0. 637-07-0 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Cell Cycle,PPAR, name is Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate, and the molecular formula is C12H15ClO3, Computed Properties of 637-07-0.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Van Gestel, Tim published the artcileSurface modification of γ-Al₂O₃/TiO₂ multilayer membranes for applications in non-polar organic solvents, Formula: C9H20Cl2Si, the publication is Journal of Membrane Science (2003), 224(1-2), 3-10, database is CAplus.

This paper reports the surface modification of hydrophilic γ-Al₂O₃/anatase-TiO₂ multilayer membranes by a silane coupling treatment, to obtain nanofiltration (NF) membranes applicable in non-polar solvents. Special care was given to optimization of the pore structure of the anatase top layer (microporous-mesoporous) and selection of the reaction medium (Et acetate) and silane coupling reagent ((CH₃)₂SiCl₂, C1 silane; C₈H₁₇CH₃SiCl₂, C8 silane). Hexane and water permeability were studied before and after silane treatment as an indication of the effect of the modification. No hexane permeability was obtained before modification. For microporous membranes fired at 300°C, the internal pore structure remained hydrophilic upon silane treatment, as evidenced by the fact that the hexane permeability remained zero. On the contrary, the more open membrane structure with mesopores obtained by firing at temperatures higher than 400°C, could be modified by a silane coupling reaction at the internal pore structure. The ratio of permeability, hexane/water, was altered from 0/1 for a firing at 300°C and a C1 silane treatment to 1/0 for a firing at 500°C and a C8 silane treatment. Standard PEG-retention measurements in water showed that the membranes fired at 400 and 450°C and modified with a C8 and C1 silane, resp., have pore sizes corresponding to those of nanofiltration (NF) membranes. These membranes were characterized by a mol. weight cut-off (MWCO) of 410 and a hexane permeability of 3 L.h^-1.m^-2.bar^-1 (400-C8) and a MWCO of 650 and a hexane permeability of 5 L.h^-1.m^-2.bar^-1 (450-C1).

Journal of Membrane Science published new progress about 14799-93-0. 14799-93-0 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is Dichloro(methyl)(octyl)silane, and the molecular formula is C4H6BrFO2, Formula: C9H20Cl2Si.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Van Lerberghe, K. published the artcileThe improved silane method for the preparation of free paint and varnish films. 3, Quality Control of 14799-93-0, the publication is Double Liaison – Chimie des Peintures (1978), 339-45, database is CAplus.

The properties and utility of substituted silanes in the preparation of free films of coating materials by coating glass plates with silanes prior to application of the coating are described. The use of Me₂SiCl₂ [75-78-5] gave excellent free films from coating solutions, while EtSiMeCl₂ [4525-44-4] and Et₂SiCl₂ [1719-53-5] gave films from coating emulsions.

Double Liaison – Chimie des Peintures published new progress about 14799-93-0. 14799-93-0 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is Dichloro(methyl)(octyl)silane, and the molecular formula is C4H6O3, Quality Control of 14799-93-0.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Stergiopoulos, Chrysanthos published the artcileThe use of biomimetic chromatography to predict acute aquatic toxicity of pharmaceutical compounds, Application of Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate, the publication is Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry (2022), 104(1), 1-19, database is CAplus.

The potential of biomimetic chromatog. to predict ecotoxicol. endpoints of pharmaceutical compounds was investigated. For this purpose, a data set of previously and newly measured chromatog. retention data for 36 structurally diverse drugs was used. Standardized retention times were measured on the immobilized artificial membrane, human serum albumin, and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein stationary phases. As ecotoxicol. endpoints, half-maximal lethal concentration values of fish and half-maximal effective concentration (immobilization) values of a water flea (Daphnia magna spp.) determined with a two-day static method were considered. Ecotoxicity values correlated with octanol-water partitioning and the pos. charge of compounds contributed even more to the toxicity. Models based on membrane partition exhibited the best statistics and predictive performance, attributed to lipophilicity and membrane electrostatic interactions. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein binding led to satisfactory models, owing to its function as a binder of neutral and basic lipophilic compounds Albumin binding, however, did not result in sound models, as it is governed by lipophilicity and the neg. charge of compounds, contrary to the mechanism of toxicity. Both membrane and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein models were superior statistically from those derived from the octanol-water system. Overall, membrane and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein retention can be suggested as promising indexes to assess the ecotoxicol. risk of drugs.

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry published new progress about 637-07-0. 637-07-0 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Cell Cycle,PPAR, name is Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H5BClNO2, Application of Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Han, Ying published the artcileSynthesis and Bioactivity of Coumarin-6-sulfonylureas, Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Zhongguo Yaoke Daxue Xuebao (2002), 33(2), 93-97, database is CAplus.

Twenty-one coumarin-6-sulfonylureas {N-[4-R¹-7-R²-benzopyran-2(2H)-one-6-sulfonyl]-N’-R³-urea; R¹ and/or R² = H or methyl; R³ = cyclohexyl, allyl, Pr, heptyl, iso-Pr, Bu, or isobutyl} were synthesized to search for new antidiabetic drugs. Sulfonylurea functional groups were introduced into the structure of coumarin, and the hypoglycemic activity of the target compounds was measured. Their structures were identified by IR, ¹H NMR, and MS spectra. The pharmacol. study showed that compounds SU-1 (R¹ = R² = H, R³ = cyclohexyl), SU-8 (R¹ = H, R² = Me, R³ = cyclohexyl), SU-11 (R¹ = H, R² = Me, R³ = butyl), SU-12 (R¹ = H, R² = Me, R³ = heptyl), and SU-13 (R¹ = H, R² = Me, R³ = isopropyl) exhibited evident hypoglycemic activities (P <0.01) at the dose of 50 mg kg^-1.

Zhongguo Yaoke Daxue Xuebao published new progress about 10543-42-7. 10543-42-7 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Other Aromatic Heterocyclic,Chloride,Sulfonyl chlorides,Ester, name is Coumarin-6-sulfonyl chloride, and the molecular formula is C9H5ClO4S, Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Qi, Gang published the artcileSynthesis of coumarin-propanedioic acid dimethyl esters, Synthetic Route of 10543-42-7, the publication is Hecheng Huaxue (2007), 15(4), 466-467, 470, database is CAplus.

Three new coumarin-propanedioic acid di-Me esters were designed and synthesized by matching principle from coumarin and propanedioic acid di-Me ester. The structures were identified by ¹H NMR, IR and MS.

Hecheng Huaxue published new progress about 10543-42-7. 10543-42-7 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Other Aromatic Heterocyclic,Chloride,Sulfonyl chlorides,Ester, name is Coumarin-6-sulfonyl chloride, and the molecular formula is C9H5ClO4S, Synthetic Route of 10543-42-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Jiang, Wanlong published the artcileArylpropionylpiperazines as antagonists of the human melanocortin-4 receptor, Recommanded Product: 3-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)propanoic acid, the publication is Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2006), 16(17), 4674-4678, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A series of 3-arylpropionylpiperazines were synthesized as antagonists of the melanocortin-4 receptor. Their potency was increased by replacing the α-Me substituent of the initial lead with a larger s-Bu or i-Bu group. Further potency enhancement was observed when a glycine or β-alanine was incorporated onto the benzylamine. Some compounds demonstrated good potency, moderate selectivity, and oral bioavailability.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters published new progress about 51656-68-9. 51656-68-9 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Carboxylic acid,Benzene, name is 3-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)propanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C9H8Cl2O2, Recommanded Product: 3-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)propanoic acid.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Roumeliotis, P. published the artcileStructure and properties of n-alkyldimethylsilyl bonded silica reversed-phase packings, Name: Dichloro(methyl)(octyl)silane, the publication is Journal of Chromatography (1978), 211-24, database is CAplus.

The effects of the modifier functionality and the chain length of n-alkylchlorosilanes on the surface structure of packings and on their retention behavior in reversed-phase chromatog. were investigated. Comparative retention studies on 3 SiO₂ packings treated to maximum conversion with n-octyltrichlorosilane, n-octylmethyldichlorosilane, and n-octyldimethylmonochlorosilane (I) showed that the reversed-phase character is obtained by using I as the modifying reagent. A series of n-alkyldimethylsilyl bonded SiO₂ packings were prepared with differing n-alkyl chain lengths. Although the packings are hydrophobic, the maximum surface concentration is 2-4 μmol/m² and many hydroxyl groups (3-4 μmole/m²) can still be detected by isotopic exchange. The retention characteristics of hydrocarbons in MeOH-H₂O as the eluent were measured on these packings. The variation of the capacity factors of solutes was related to the total hydrocarbonaceous surface area of the bonded n-alkyldimethylsilyl group, the total hydrocarbonaceous surface area of the solute, and the mol. dipole moment of the solute. The studies are related to high performance liquid chromatog.

Journal of Chromatography published new progress about 14799-93-0. 14799-93-0 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is Dichloro(methyl)(octyl)silane, and the molecular formula is C9H20Cl2Si, Name: Dichloro(methyl)(octyl)silane.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Takale, Balaram S. published the artcileSustainable and Cost-Effective Suzuki-Miyaura Couplings toward the Key Biaryl Subunits of Arylex and Rinskor Active, COA of Formula: C7H7BClFO3, the publication is Organic Letters (2020), 22(12), 4823-4827, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Challenging Suzuki-Miyaura cross couplings associated with novel crop protection active ingredients from Corteva Agriscience, Arylex and Rinskor, can be performed in water using ppm (ppm) levels of a Pd catalyst. Each coupling required a distinct set of reaction conditions to achieve maximum selectivities and chem. yields. By way of comparison, this chem. is not only performed under environmentally responsible aqueous micellar conditions, but also involves lowering loadings (3-5 times) of endangered palladium than used previously to attain a more sustainable process.

Organic Letters published new progress about 944129-07-1. 944129-07-1 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Fluoride,Chloride,Boronic acid and ester,Benzene,Ether,Boronic Acids,Boronic acid and ester,, name is (4-Chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)boronic acid, and the molecular formula is C10H10CoF6P, COA of Formula: C7H7BClFO3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics