Tag: M.W=200-300

Synthetic Route of C17H14N2. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: 3,3′-Diindolylmethane, is researched, Molecular C17H14N2, CAS is 1968-05-4, about 3,3′-diindolylmethane and its derivatives: nature-inspired strategies tackling drug resistant tumors by regulation of signal transduction, transcription factors and microRNAs. Author is Biersack, Bernhard.

A review. Indoles of cruciferous vegetables are promising anti-tumor agents. Studies with indole-3-carbinol and its dimeric product, 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM), suggest that these compounds have the ability to deregulate multiple cellular signaling pathways that are essential for tumor growth and spread. These natural compounds are also effective modulators of transcription factors and non-coding RNAs. These effects explain their ability to inhibit tumor spread and to overcome drug resistance. In this work, pertinent literature on the effects of DIM and its synthetic derivatives on resistant tumors and resistance mechanisms in tumors is highlighted.

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Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: 3,3′-Diindolylmethane( cas:1968-05-4 ) is researched.Safety of 3,3′-Diindolylmethane.Emami, Parvaneh; Ueno, Masaru published the article 《3,3′-Diindolylmethane induces apoptosis and autophagy in fission yeast》 about this compound( cas:1968-05-4 ) in PLoS One. Keywords: diindolylmethane apoptosis autophagy fission yeast. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:1968-05-4).

3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a compound derived from the digestion of indole-3-carbinol, found in the broccoli family. It induces apoptosis and autophagy in some types of human cancer. DIM extends lifespan in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The mechanisms by which DIM induces apoptosis and autophagy in humans and expands lifespan in fission yeasts are not fully understood. Here, we show that DIM induces apoptosis and autophagy in log-phase cells, which is dose-dependent in fission yeast. A high concentration of DIM disrupted the nuclear envelope (NE) structure and induced chromosome condensation at an early time point. In contrast, a low concentration of DIM induced autophagy but did not disrupt NE structure. The mutant defective in autophagy was more sensitive to a low concentration of DIM, demonstrating that the autophagic pathway contributes to the survival of cells against DIM. Moreover, our results showed that the lem2 mutant is more sensitive to DIM. NE in the lem2 mutant was disrupted even at the low concentration of DIM. Our results demonstrate that the autophagic pathway and NE integrity are important to maintain viability in the presence of a low concentration of DIM. The mechanism of apoptosis and autophagy induction by DIM might be conserved in fission yeast and humans. Further studies will contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of apoptosis and autophagy by DIM in fission yeast and humans.

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Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Application In Synthesis of 3,3′-Diindolylmethane. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: 3,3′-Diindolylmethane, is researched, Molecular C17H14N2, CAS is 1968-05-4, about Attenuating effect of Indole-3-Carbinol on gold nanoparticle induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Author is Alkhalaf, Maha Ibrahim.

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a plant based compound present in vegetables mostly belonging to cruciferous family. I3C has been shown to possess anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Humans are increasingly being exposed to GNPs due an due to their widespread and increased applications in different fields. Consistently, recent animal and cell based studies have found them to be carcinogenic, prooxidant and inflammatory. This study sought to examine the beneficial effects of I3C against oxidative stress, inflammation and histopathol. changes in liver tissues of rats administered with GNPs. Forty rats randomly divided into four groups: G1 control G2, rats injected i.p. with a suspension of GNPs (10 nm in size) (20μg/kg body wgt) for 7 days; G3, rats supplemented orally with I3C (150 mg/kg body wgt) for 7 days; and G4, rats injected with GNPs along with oral supplementation ofI3C. Compared to control, rats administered with GNPs had significantly increased liver functional markers including ALT, AST, ALP, total and direct bilirubin and significantly decreased albumin levels. GNP administered rats also demonstrated increased oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, MDA, 8-OHdG and IL-6 levels and significantly depleted activities of antioxidants such as glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and transcription factor, Nrf2 compared to control. GNPs also exerted marked histol. changes in liver tissues. Treatment with I3C significantly restored the GNP induced changes in the levels of all the studied parameters and also prevented pathol. changes in liver tissues. Mol. docking studies confirm the interaction of I3C with hepatic cell surface receptor protein LT3 and thereby blocking GNPs from binding to I3C, confirming above exptl. findings. Collectively, the data demonstrate the hepatoprotective effects of I3C against GNP-induced adverse effects on liver tissue. These protective effects of I3C appear to be mediated by its ability to downregulate oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus dietary intake of plant products rich in I3C may have beneficial health effects.

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Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kiselev, V. I.; Sukhikh, G. T.; Pchelintseva, O. I.; Udut, V. V.; Kuznetsov, I. N.; Drukh, V. M. published an article about the compound: 3,3′-Diindolylmethane( cas:1968-05-4,SMILESS:C1(CC2=CNC3=C2C=CC=C3)=CNC4=C1C=CC=C4 ).Quality Control of 3,3′-Diindolylmethane. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:1968-05-4) through the article.

We studied the effect of diindolylmethane in a dose of 600 mg/kg on the change in adhesion strength of alveolocytes and hepatocytes in CBA mice. Diindolylmethane was administered intragastrically to exptl. animals for 10 days, controls intragastrically received an equivalent volume of saline. At the end of the therapeutic period, mice treated with diindolylmethane showed a significant increase in the adhesion strength of alveolocytes by 16% (p=0.003) and hepatocytes by 61% (p=0.0001) in comparison with the control group, which indicates the antipromotor activity of diindolylmethane.

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Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Khan, Abbas; Wang, Cuina; Sun, Xiaomeng; Killpartrick, Adam; Guo, Mingruo published an article about the compound: 3,3′-Diindolylmethane( cas:1968-05-4,SMILESS:C1(CC2=CNC3=C2C=CC=C3)=CNC4=C1C=CC=C4 ).HPLC of Formula: 1968-05-4. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:1968-05-4) through the article.

3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a bioactive compound found in Cruciferous vegetables that possesses health benefits such as antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, hydrophobicity and photolabile limit its pharmaceutical applications. This study aims to prepare and characterize DIM-encapsulated whey protein isolate (WPI) nanoparticles mixed at different ratios of WPI and DIM using the combined heating-ultrasound method. Results showed that all the samples showed adequate physicochem. characteristics: The mean particle size of the nanoparticles could be controlled down to 96-157 nm depending on the DIM to WPI ratio used in the preparation with a low polydispersity index (<0.5), higher neg. values of zeta potential (>-40 mV) as well as with greater encapsulation efficiency (>82%). Flow behavior indexes showed the shear-thinning Non-Newtonian or pseudoplastic (n < 1) behavior of the nanoparticles. The thermal properties were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which showed that DIM was successfully entrapped in WPI nanoparticles. The secondary structure of WPI was changed after DIM incorporation; electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding were major facilitating forces for nanoparticles formation, confirmed by Fourier Transform IR Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs showed that all the samples had a smooth surface and spherical structure. The wall material (WPI) and encapsulation method provide effective protection to DIM against UV light and a broad range of physiol. relevant pH's (2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, and 7). In conclusion, whey protein isolate (WPI)-based nanoparticles are a promising approach to encapsulate DIM and overcome its physicochem. limitations with improved stability. In addition to the literature in the link below, there is a lot of literature about this compound(3,3'-Diindolylmethane)HPLC of Formula: 1968-05-4, illustrating the importance and wide applicability of this compound(1968-05-4).

Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Recommanded Product: 1968-05-4. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: 3,3′-Diindolylmethane, is researched, Molecular C17H14N2, CAS is 1968-05-4, about Effects of long-term consumption of broccoli sprouts on inflammatory markers in overweight subjects. Author is Lopez-Chillon, Maria Teresa; Carazo-Diaz, Carmen; Prieto-Merino, David; Zafrilla, Pilar; Moreno, Diego A.; Villano, Debora.

Broccoli sprouts represent an interesting choice of healthy food product as they are rich in glucosinolates and their cognate bioactive metabolites, isothiocyanates able to counteract the neg. effects of diverse pathologies. As obesity is linked to an inflammatory component, the aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory action of broccoli sprouts in overweight adult subjects. An in vivo controlled study was performed in 40 healthy overweight subjects (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT 03390855). Treatment phase consisted on the consumption of broccoli sprouts (30 g/day) during 10 wk and the follow-up phase of 10 wk of normal diet without consumption of these broccoli sprouts. Anthropometric parameters as body fat mass, body weight, and BMI were determined Inflammation status was assessed by measuring levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and C-reactive protein. IL-6 levels significantly decreased (mean values from 4.76 pg/mL to 2.11 pg/mL with 70 days of broccoli consumption, p < 0.001) and during control phase the inflammatory levels were maintained at low grade (mean values from 1.20 pg/mL to 2.66 pg/mL, p < 0.001). C-reactive protein significantly decreased as well. This study represents an advance in intervention studies as the broccoli sprouts were included in a daily dietary pattern in quantities that reflect a real consumption. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of this healthy rich and nutritious food product, but these promising results support the current evidence on the healthy properties of Brassica varieties. This literature about this compound(1968-05-4)Recommanded Product: 1968-05-4has given us a lot of inspiration, and I hope that the research on this compound(3,3′-Diindolylmethane) can be further advanced. Maybe we can get more compounds in a similar way.

Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: 3,3′-Diindolylmethane, is researched, Molecular C17H14N2, CAS is 1968-05-4, about Next generation risk assessment of human exposure to anti-androgens using newly defined comparator compound values, the main research direction is human risk assessment DIM bicalutamide antiandrogens; 3R compliant method; Androgen receptor; Dietary comparator; In vitro/in silico approaches; Risk assessment.Computed Properties of C17H14N2.

Next Generation Risk Assessment (NGRA) can use the so-called Dietary Comparator Ratio (DCR) to evaluate the safety of a defined exposure to a compound of interest. The DCR compares the Exposure Activity Ratio (EAR) for the compound of interest, to the EAR of an established safe level of human exposure to a comparator compound with the same putative mode of action. A DCR ≤ 1 indicates the exposure evaluated is safe. The present study aimed at defining adequate and safe comparator compound exposures for evaluation of anti-androgenic effects, using 3,3-diindolylmethane (DIM), from cruciferous vegetables, and the anti-androgenic drug bicalutamide (BIC). EAR values for these comparator compounds were defined using the AR-CALUX assay. The adequacy of the new comparator EAR values was evaluated using PBK modeling and by comparing the generated DCRs of a series of test compound exposures to actual knowledge on their safety regarding in vivo anti-androgenicity. The use of AR-CALUX-based comparator EARs for DCR-based NGRA for putative anti-androgenic compounds This further validates the DCR approach as an animal free in silico/in vitro 3R compliant method in NGRA.

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Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called PTEN/Akt Signaling-Mediated Activation of the Mitochondrial Pathway Contributes to the 3,3′-Diindolylmethane-Mediated Antitumor Effect in Malignant Melanoma Cells, published in 2020, which mentions a compound: 1968-05-4, mainly applied to DIM; PTEN; apoptosis; malignant melanoma; proliferation, HPLC of Formula: 1968-05-4.

3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) has an anticancer activity, but the role DIM plays on malignant melanoma cells and its specific mechanism is unclear. We studied the biol. effects of DIM on malignant melanoma cells and the related mechanism and the results showed that DIM significantly suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in malignant melanoma cells. In addition, the expression levels of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), Bax, Bid, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9 were increased after DIM treatment. In A2058 PTENmut cells, DIM-mediated inhibition of proliferation and DIM-induced apoptosis were attenuated. Addnl., the overexpression and knockdown of PTEN could regulate such effects of DIM in malignant melanoma cells. Furthermore, DIM exerted growth-inhibiting and apoptosis-inducing effects in vivo. This study demonstrated that DIM has antitumor effect in human malignant melanoma cells through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway activated by PTEN/Akt signaling.

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Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Therapeutic potential of aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands derived from natural products in rheumatoid arthritis, published in 2020-06-30, which mentions a compound: 1968-05-4, mainly applied to review aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand natural product rheumatoid arthritis; aryl hydrocarbon receptor; ligands; natural products; rheumatoid arthritis; therapeutic potential, Synthetic Route of C17H14N2.

A review. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune-mediated inflammatory disease, which is characterized by chronic synovitis, progressive bone destruction and reduced mobility. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor, has been shown to regulate the differentiation, activation and apoptosis of various cells involved in rheumatoid arthritis. The ligands of AhR such as tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, benzo[a]pyrene and 3,3′-diindolylmetheane are able to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and attenuate arthritis in mice. However, the long-term use of these compounds is associated with severe side effects, which limit their use as therapeutic agents in animals or humans. There is an urgent need to search for new AhR ligands that are effective and safe. This MiniReview discusses the potential therapeutic value of the AhR ligands derived from natural products.

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Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Computed Properties of C17H14N2. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: 3,3′-Diindolylmethane, is researched, Molecular C17H14N2, CAS is 1968-05-4, about Activation of COUP-TFI by a novel diindolylmethane derivative. Author is Yoon, Kyungsil; Chen, Chien-Cheng; Orr, Asuka A.; Barreto, Patricia N.; Tamamis, Phanourios; Safe, Stephen.

Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor I (COUP-TFI) is an orphan receptor and member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Among a series of methylene substituted diindolylmethanes (C-DIMs) containing substituted Ph and heteroaromatic groups, we identified 1,1-bis(3′-indolyl)-1-(4-pyridyl)-methane (DIM-C-Pyr-4) as an activator of COUP-TFI. Structure activity studies with structurally diverse heteroaromatic C-DIMs showed that the pyridyl substituted compound was active and the 4-pyridyl substituent was more potent than the 2- or 3-pyridyl analogs in transactivation assays in breast cancer cells. The DIM-C-Pyr-4 activated chimeric GAL4-COUP-TFI constructs containing full length, C- or N-terminal deletions, and transactivation was inhibited by phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and protein kinase A inhibitors. However, DIM-C-Pyr-4 also induced transactivation and interactions of COUP-TFI and steroid receptor coactivators-1 and -2 in mammalian two-hybrid assays, and ligand-induced interactions of the C-terminal region of COUP-TFI were not affected by kinase inhibitors. We also showed that DIM-C-Pyr-4 activated COUP-TFI-dependent early growth response 1 (Egr-1) expression and this response primarily involved COUP-TFI interactions with Sp3 and to a lesser extent Sp1 bound to the proximal region of the Egr-1 promoter. Modeling studies showed interactions of DIM-C-Pyr-4 within the ligand binding domain of COUP-TFI. This report is the first to identify a COUP-TFI agonist and demonstrate activation of COUP-TFI-dependent Egr-1 expression.

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Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics